بررسی فراوانی ژن‌های اینتگرون کلاس 3، 2، 1 و بتالاکتامازهای وسیع‌الطیف bla-CTX-M، bla-SHV و bla-TEMدر باسیل‌های گرم منفی جدا شده از بیمارستان آموزشی کودکان بندر عباس (1396)
محورهای موضوعی : میکروب شناسی
مهشید وحدانی
1
(کارشناسی ارشد زیست‌شناسی- میکروب‌شناسی، گروه میکروب‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سیرجان، سیرجان، ایران)
نوشین خندان
2
(استادیار، گروه میکروب‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سیرجان، سیرجان، ایران)
افسانه کرمستجی
3
(دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های عفونی و گرم‌سیری؛ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران)
کلید واژه: ژن‌های بتالاکتاماز وسیع‌الطیف, CTX, SHV, PCR چندگانه, اینتگرون, TEM,
چکیده مقاله :
سابقه و هدف: باسیل‌های گرم منفی پاتوژن‌های مهم بیمارستانی‌اند که شیوع ژن‌های بتالاکتاماز وسیع‌الطیف و اینتگرون‌ها در آنها رو به افزایش است. لذا شناسایی این ژن‌های مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی به منظور جلوگیری از گسترش سویه‌های مقاوم، ضروری است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی فراوانی ژن‌های اینتگرون کلاس 1،2،3 و بتالاکتامازهای وسیع‌الطیف bla-CTX-M ،bla-SHV و bla-TEM در باسیل‌های گرم منفی جدا شده از بیمارستان آموزشی کودکان بندر عباس می‌باشد. مواد و روش کار: تعداد 60 سویه باسیل گرم منفی از نمونه‌های بالینی، جداسازی و با تست‌های بیوشیمیایی شناسایی و الگوی مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی آنها با روش انتشار در ژل تعیین شد. PCR چندگانه برای شناسایی ژن‌های اینتگرون کلاس1،2،3 و از PCR به منظور شناسایی bla-CTX-M ،bla-SHV و bla-TEM استفاده شد. نتایج: بیشترین فراوانی سویه‌ها مربوط به اشرشیاکلی،70% و بیشترین میزان مقاومت و حساسیت به ترتیب مربوط به سولفومتوکسازول 68% و جنتامایسین 75% بود. 37 سویه (7/61%) دارای ژن اینتگرون کلاس 1، و 19 سویه (7/26%)، دارای ژن اینتگرون کلاس 2می‌باشند. اینتگرون کلاس 3 در هیچ یک از سویه‌ها مشاهده نشد. بیشترین فراوانی ژن‌های کدکننده بتالاکتامازهای وسیع‌الطیف به ترتیب مربوط به ژن bla-CTX-M (40 مورد، 7/66%)، bla-TEM (19مورد، 7/31%) و bla-SHV (6 مورد، 10%) می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: در مطالعه حاضر ارتباط معنی‌داری 05/0>P بین حضور ژن‌های اینتگرون کلاس 2 و 1 و بتالاکتامازهای وسیع‌الطیف bla-CTX-M،bla-SHV و bla-TEM و مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی مشاهده گردید. از این‌رو شناسایی ژن‌های مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی و استفاده از روش درمانی مناسب بر پایه تعیین الگوی آنتی‌بیوگرام سویه‌ها توصیه می‌گردد.
Background and Objective:Gram-negative bacilli are important hospital pathogens with an increasing prevalence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase genes and integrons. Therefore, identification of these antibiotic resistance genes is essential to prevent the spread of resistant strains.The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons and bla-CTX-M, bla-SHV and bla-TEM broad-spectrum beta-lactamases genes in Gram-negative bacilli isolated from Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital. Materials and Methods: Sixty Gram-negative bacilli strains were isolated from clinical specimens and identified by biochemical tests and their antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Disk Diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of class 1, 2 and 3 integronsand PCR wasperformed to identify the bla-CTX-M, bla-SHV and bla-TEM family’s genes, respectively. Results:The most frequent strains belonged to Escherichia coli 70% and the highest resistance and sensitivity were Sulfomethoxazole 68% and Gentamicin 75% respectively.Of the 60 strains isolated, 61.7% and 26.7% had Class I and 2 integron genes, respectively, whereas no class 3 integron gene was detected in any of the isolates. PCR results showed that blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM family genes were 66.7%, 10% and 31. 7% strains, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons, bla-CTX-M, bla-SHV and bla-TEMand antibiotic resistance. Therefore, determination of antibiotic resistance genes and the use of appropriate therapeutic methods based on antibiogram pattern determination of the strains are also suggested.
Zerr DM, Qin X, Oron AP, Adler AL, Wolter DJ, Berry JE, et al. Pediatric Infection and Intestinal Carriage Due to Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Ch. 2014; 58(7): 3997-4004.
Ivády B, Kenesei É, Tóth-Heyn P, Kertész G, Tárkányi K, Kassa C, et al. Factors influencing antimicrobial resistance and outcome of Gram-negative bloodstream infections in children. Infection. 2016; 44(3): 309-21.
Paterson DL, Bonomo RA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18(4): 657-86.
Dezfully NK, Heidari A. Natural bioactive compounds: antibiotics. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2016; 8(2): 674-84.
Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. Pharm.Therapeut. 2015; 40(4): 277.
Diene SM, Rolain J-M. Carbapenemase genes and genetic platforms in Gram-negative bacilli: Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20(9): 831-8.
Cambray G, Guerout A-M, Mazel D. Integrons. Annu Rev Genet. 2010; 44(1): 141-66.
Sun S, Zhang W, Mannervik B, Andersson DI. Evolution of broad-spectrum beta-lactam resistance in an engineered metallo-beta-lactamase. J Biol Chemi. 2013; 288(4): 2314-24
Pfeifer Y, Cullik A, Witte W. Resistance to Cephalosporins and Carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol. 2010; 300(6): 371-9.
Shaikh S, Fatima J, Shakil S, Rizvi SMD, Kamal MA. Antibiotic resistance and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases: types, epidemiology and treatment. Saudi J Biol. Sci. 2015; 22(1): 90-101.
Cantón R, TM C. The CTX-M β-lactamase pandemic. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006; 9(5): 466-75.
Villa L, Pezzella C, Tosini F, Visca P, Petrucca A, Carattoli A. Multiple-antibiotic resistance mediated by structurally related IncL/M plasmids carrying an Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase gene and a class 1 integron. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000; 44(10): 2911–2914.
Frank T, Gautier V, Talarmin A, Bercion R, Arlet G. Characterization of sulphonamide resistance genes and class 1 Integron gene cassettes in Enterobacteriaceae, Central African Republic (CAR). J Antimicrob Chem. 2007; 59(4): 742-5.
Kuihai W, Fengping W, Jingjing S, et al. Class 1 Integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in southern China. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012; 40(3): 264-267.
Moammadi F, Arabestani MR, Safari M, Roshanaii G, Alikhani MY. Prevalence of class1, 2 and 3 integrons among extensive drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii strains isolated from intensive care units in Hamadan, west province, Iran . Iran J Med Microbiol. 2014; 8(3): 8-14.
Hajiahmadi F, Safari N, Alijani P, Rabiei M, Masomian N, Arabestani MR. Assessment of the Prevalence of Class I and II Integrons of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates From Hospitals of Hamadan. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2016; 23(3):193-201.
Ardeshiri N, Nasrollahi M, Goudarzi H, Goudarzi M, Ghalavand Z, Dadashi M. The prevalence of Integron 1, 2 and 3 classes in Acinetobacter baumanii clinical isolates from Sari Hospitals, Iran. Res Med. 2017; 41(3): 217-225.
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015, 8 th edition.
Biemer JJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1973; 3(2): 135-40.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, Pa: CLSI. 2017.
Yazdi M, Nazemi A, Mirinargasi M, Khataminejad M, Sharifi S, Babaikochkaksaraei M. Prevalence of SHV/CTXM/TEM (ESBL) beta-lactamase resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Tehran. Med Lab J. 2010; 4: 67-80.
Manyahi J, Tellevik MG, Ndugulile F, Moyo SJ, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Molecular characterization of cotrimoxazole resistance genes and their associated integrons in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from Tanzania. Microb. Drug Resist. 2017; 23(1): 37-43.
Sedighi M, Halajzadeh M, Ramazanzadeh R, Amirmozafari N, Heidary M, Pirouzi S. Molecular detection of β-lactamase and integron genes in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2017; 50(3): 321-328.
Derakhshan S, Najar Peerayeh S, Bakhshi B. Association between presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolates. Laboratory medicine. 2016; 47(4): 306-11.
Agersø Y, Petersen A. The tetracycline resistance determinant Tet 39 and the sulphonamide resistance gene sulII are common among resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolated from integrated fish farms in Thailand. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2006; 59(1): 23-7.
Zaniani FR, Meshkat Z, Nasab MN, Khaje-Karamadini M, Ghazvini K, Rezaee A, et al. The prevalence of TEM and SHV genes among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2012; 15(1): 654.
Shahbazi S, Karam MRA, Habibi M, Talebi A, Bouzari S. Distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactam, quinolone and carbapenem resistance genes, and genetic diversity among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Tehran, Iran. Journal of global antimicrobial resistance. 2018; 14: 118-25.
Poirel L, Pham J, Cabanne L, Gatus B, Bell S, Nordmann P. Carbapenem‐hydrolysing metallo‐β‐lactamases from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated in Australia. Pathology. 2004; 36(4): 366-7.
_||_Zerr DM, Qin X, Oron AP, Adler AL, Wolter DJ, Berry JE, et al. Pediatric Infection and Intestinal Carriage Due to Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Ch. 2014; 58(7): 3997-4004.
Ivády B, Kenesei É, Tóth-Heyn P, Kertész G, Tárkányi K, Kassa C, et al. Factors influencing antimicrobial resistance and outcome of Gram-negative bloodstream infections in children. Infection. 2016; 44(3): 309-21.
Paterson DL, Bonomo RA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18(4): 657-86.
Dezfully NK, Heidari A. Natural bioactive compounds: antibiotics. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2016; 8(2): 674-84.
Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. Pharm.Therapeut. 2015; 40(4): 277.
Diene SM, Rolain J-M. Carbapenemase genes and genetic platforms in Gram-negative bacilli: Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20(9): 831-8.
Cambray G, Guerout A-M, Mazel D. Integrons. Annu Rev Genet. 2010; 44(1): 141-66.
Sun S, Zhang W, Mannervik B, Andersson DI. Evolution of broad-spectrum beta-lactam resistance in an engineered metallo-beta-lactamase. J Biol Chemi. 2013; 288(4): 2314-24
Pfeifer Y, Cullik A, Witte W. Resistance to Cephalosporins and Carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol. 2010; 300(6): 371-9.
Shaikh S, Fatima J, Shakil S, Rizvi SMD, Kamal MA. Antibiotic resistance and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases: types, epidemiology and treatment. Saudi J Biol. Sci. 2015; 22(1): 90-101.
Cantón R, TM C. The CTX-M β-lactamase pandemic. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006; 9(5): 466-75.
Villa L, Pezzella C, Tosini F, Visca P, Petrucca A, Carattoli A. Multiple-antibiotic resistance mediated by structurally related IncL/M plasmids carrying an Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase gene and a class 1 integron. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000; 44(10): 2911–2914.
Frank T, Gautier V, Talarmin A, Bercion R, Arlet G. Characterization of sulphonamide resistance genes and class 1 Integron gene cassettes in Enterobacteriaceae, Central African Republic (CAR). J Antimicrob Chem. 2007; 59(4): 742-5.
Kuihai W, Fengping W, Jingjing S, et al. Class 1 Integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in southern China. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012; 40(3): 264-267.
Moammadi F, Arabestani MR, Safari M, Roshanaii G, Alikhani MY. Prevalence of class1, 2 and 3 integrons among extensive drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii strains isolated from intensive care units in Hamadan, west province, Iran . Iran J Med Microbiol. 2014; 8(3): 8-14.
Hajiahmadi F, Safari N, Alijani P, Rabiei M, Masomian N, Arabestani MR. Assessment of the Prevalence of Class I and II Integrons of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates From Hospitals of Hamadan. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2016; 23(3):193-201.
Ardeshiri N, Nasrollahi M, Goudarzi H, Goudarzi M, Ghalavand Z, Dadashi M. The prevalence of Integron 1, 2 and 3 classes in Acinetobacter baumanii clinical isolates from Sari Hospitals, Iran. Res Med. 2017; 41(3): 217-225.
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015, 8 th edition.
Biemer JJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1973; 3(2): 135-40.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, Pa: CLSI. 2017.
Yazdi M, Nazemi A, Mirinargasi M, Khataminejad M, Sharifi S, Babaikochkaksaraei M. Prevalence of SHV/CTXM/TEM (ESBL) beta-lactamase resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Tehran. Med Lab J. 2010; 4: 67-80.
Manyahi J, Tellevik MG, Ndugulile F, Moyo SJ, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Molecular characterization of cotrimoxazole resistance genes and their associated integrons in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from Tanzania. Microb. Drug Resist. 2017; 23(1): 37-43.
Sedighi M, Halajzadeh M, Ramazanzadeh R, Amirmozafari N, Heidary M, Pirouzi S. Molecular detection of β-lactamase and integron genes in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2017; 50(3): 321-328.
Derakhshan S, Najar Peerayeh S, Bakhshi B. Association between presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolates. Laboratory medicine. 2016; 47(4): 306-11.
Agersø Y, Petersen A. The tetracycline resistance determinant Tet 39 and the sulphonamide resistance gene sulII are common among resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolated from integrated fish farms in Thailand. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2006; 59(1): 23-7.
Zaniani FR, Meshkat Z, Nasab MN, Khaje-Karamadini M, Ghazvini K, Rezaee A, et al. The prevalence of TEM and SHV genes among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2012; 15(1): 654.
Shahbazi S, Karam MRA, Habibi M, Talebi A, Bouzari S. Distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactam, quinolone and carbapenem resistance genes, and genetic diversity among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Tehran, Iran. Journal of global antimicrobial resistance. 2018; 14: 118-25.
Poirel L, Pham J, Cabanne L, Gatus B, Bell S, Nordmann P. Carbapenem‐hydrolysing metallo‐β‐lactamases from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated in Australia. Pathology. 2004; 36(4): 366-7.
