بررسی گیاهپالایی خاکهای آلوده به فلزات سنگین توسط میکروارگانیسمها
محورهای موضوعی : زیست شناسیاله یار کمری 1 , آصف اروجزاده 2
1 - کارشناسی، گروه زیستشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: خاک, فلزات سنگین, میکروارگانیسم, آلایندهها, گیاهپالایی.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی گیاهپالایی خاکهای آلوده به فلزات سنگین توسط میکروارگانیسمها بود. مواد و روشها: این مطالعه با روش مروری- توصیفی بر روی مطالعات انجام شده در مورد گیاهپالایی انجام شده است. یافتهها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که تکنیکهای بسیاری جهت پاکسازی خاکهای آلوده به فلزات سنگین گسترش یافتهاند. در میان این تکنیکها، استخراج گیاهی (گیاهپالایی) به عنوان یک روش پاکسازی مؤثر و ارزان عرضه شده است که در آن جذب و جمعآوری آلایندهها در بافتهای قابل برداشت گیاهی مد نظر میباشد. در این روش با برداشت گیاهان از خاك، آلایندهها از خاك زدوده میشوند. در اراضی کشاورزی آلوده به فلزات سنگین، انتخاب گیاهان زراعی متحمل به فلزات، جهت برداشت آلایندهها از خاك میتواند یک استراتژی جدید برای مدیریت اراضی باشد. تعدادی از گونههای انباشتگر کادمیوم که براساس نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات هیدروپونیک و گلدانی گزارش شدهاند، گونههای با توده زیستی بالا شامل ذرت، آفتابگردان و خردل هندی براى پالایش مناطق آلوده به فلزات سنگین میباشند. نتیجهگیری: براى پالایش مناطق آلوده به فلزات سنگین و دیگر آلایندهها، روشهاى مختلف فیزیکى، شیمیایى و بیولوژیکى پیشنهاد شده است که عمدتاً پرهزینه و غیراقتصادى مىباشند.
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals by microorganisms. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with a review-descriptive method on the studies conducted on herbal treatment. Findings: The results of this study showed that many techniques have been developed to clean soils contaminated with heavy metals. Among these techniques, plant extraction (plant treatment) has been presented as an effective and cheap cleaning method, in which the absorption and collection of pollutants in plant tissues is considered. In this method, by harvesting plants from the soil, the pollutants are removed from the soil. In agricultural lands contaminated with heavy metals, the selection of metal-tolerant crops to remove pollutants from the soil can be a new strategy for land management. A number of cadmium accumulating species that have been reported based on the results of hydroponic and pot tests are species with high biomass, including corn, sunflower and Indian mustard for refining areas contaminated with heavy metals. Conclusion: Various physical, chemical and biological methods have been suggested for the treatment of areas contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants, which are mostly costly and uneconomical.
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