نظام‌های مغزی ـ رفتاری، سرسختی روان‌شناختی و تحمل ابهام در افراد سوء مصرف‌کنندۀ مواد و افراد عادی
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیمجتبی صالحی حیدرآباد 1 , بهروز خسرویان 2 , منصور اگشته 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی عمومی دانشگاه ارومیه
2 - کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی
3 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی
کلید واژه: نظام بازداری رفتاری, تحمل ابهام, نظام‌های مغزی ـ رفتاری, نظام گرایش رفتاری, سرسختی روان‌شناختی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش مقایسۀ نظام‌های مغزی ـ رفتاری، سرسختی روان‌شناختی و تحمل ابهام در افراد سوء مصرف‌کنندۀ مواد و افراد عادی بود. روش پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات علّی مقایسه‌ای، و جامعۀ آماری آن همۀ معتادان شهرستان ارومیه در سال 1391 بود. 50 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای از پنج مرکز ترک اعتیاد ارومیه انتخاب و 50 نفر از افراد عادی نیز با آنان همتاسازی شدند. داده‌های پژوهشی به کمک پرسشنامه شخصیتی گری ویلسون (GWPQ، 1989)، پرسشنامۀ زمینه‌یابی دیدگاههای شخصی (کوباسا، 1970)، و مقیاس تحمل ابهام (لین، 1993) جمع‌آوری گردید. داده‌های آماری با استفاده از روش تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (مانوا) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که بین افراد سوءِ مصرف‌کنندۀ مواد و افراد عادی در نظام‌های مغزی ـ رفتاری، سرسختی روان‌شناختی و تحمل ابهام تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد (001/0P < ). در خرده مقیاس نظام بازداری رفتاری، سرسختی روان‌شناختی و تحمل ابهام، نمرات افراد سوءِ مصرف‌کنندۀ مواد به‌طور معناداری کمتر از افراد عادی، اما در نظام گرایش رفتاری نمرات آنان به‌طور معناداری بیشتر از افراد عادی بود. نتایج نشان داد که برخی از صفات شخصیتی مانند نظام‌های مغزی ـ رفتاری، سرسختی روان‌شناختی و تحمل ابهام نقش مهمی در گرایش به سوء مصرف مواد دارند.
The aim of the present study was to compare the brain- behavior systems, psychological hardiness and ambiguity tolerance in substance abusers and normal people. The study was a causal comparative research. Statistical population included all drug users in 2011 (1391s.c.) in the city of Urmia. 50 people were selected through cluster sampling from five drug rehabilitation centers in Urmia and 50 normal participants were matched with them. Data were collected with the Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ, 1989), Kubasa Personal Perspectives Survey Questionnaire (1970), and the Scale of Ambiguity Tolerance (Lin, 1993). Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Analysis of data showed that there were significant differences in brain behavioral systems, hardiness and ambiguity tolerance between substance abusers and normal group (P < 0.001). Substance abusers, scores in the behavioral inhibition system subscale, hardiness and ambiguity tolerance, were lower than the normal group but their scores in behavioral approach system were higher than the normal group. Results indicated that some personality traits such as brain-behavior systems, hardiness and ambiguity tolerance may have an important role in tendency to substance abuse.
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