پیش‌بینی شادکامی در جانبازان و ایثارگران
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
اعظم نوفرستی
1
(دکتری روان‌شناسی بالینی، جهاد دانشگاهی البرز، البرز، ایران)
نیما گنجی
2
(کارشناس ارشد علوم شناختی، جهاد دانشگاهی البرز، ایران)
علی اکبر سلیمانی
3
(عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: فعالیت‌های ارادی, شادکامی, جانبازان و ایثارگران, شرایط زندگی, شخصیت,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف پیش‌بینی شادکامی در جانبازان و ایثارگران انجام گرفت. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. همۀ جانبازان و ایثارگران کشور در سال 91 جامعۀ آماری پژوهش را تشکیل دادند. از این جامعه نمونه‌ای به تعداد 1135 نفر از ایثارگران از 10 استان کشور بر اساس شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای سهمیه‌ای نامساوی انتخاب شد. مقیاس شادکامی آکسفورد (آرگایل، 1995)، پرسشنامۀ شخصیتی نئو (جان، دوناهو و کنتل، 1991)، مقیاس محقق‌ساختۀ فعالیت‌های ارادی (نوفرستی، 1391) و پرسشنامۀ اطلاعات جمعیت‌شناختی بر روی گروه نمونه اجرا و نتایج حاصل از این پرسشنامه‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانۀ سلسله‌مراتبی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌های به‌دست آمده از تحلیل رگرسیون نشان دادکه روان‌رنجورخویی، برونگرایی، انجام فعالیت‌های ارادی، سلامت جسمانی و سطح درآمد مهمترین پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های شادکامی در جانبازان و ایثارگران بود (0001/0P =).
The purpose of the study was to specify factors that influence happiness in Veterans. The research design was descriptive and correlational. All of the veterans in iran in 2012 were the population in this research. From among them, 1135 veterans from 10 provinces were selected based on stratified quota sampling. Then, they completed Argyle Oxford Happiness Inventory (1995), the Big Five Inventory of John, Donahue and Kentle (1991), a researcher-made Noferesti Intentional Activity Scale (2012) and the demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that the most important factors in happiness were: neuroticism, extroversion, intentional activities, physical health and income (P<0.0001).
Ahuvia, A. (2008). If money doesn't make us happy, why do we act as if it does? Journal of Economic Psychology, 29, 491-507.
Ahuvia, A.C. (2007). Wealth, consumption and happiness. In A. Lewis (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of psychology and economic behaviour. Cambridge
Argyle, M. (1999). Causes and correlates of happiness. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwartz (Eds). Well-bing: The Foundations of Hedonic psychology (pp. 353-373). New York: Russell sage Foundation.
Argyle, M. (2001). The psychology of happiness (2nd edition). London: Rutledge press, Taylor & Francis group.
Argyle, M., Martin, M. & Lu, L. (1995). Desting first ressd Happiness: The role of social & cognitive factors. In C. D. Spilberyerd 1. G. Sarason (eds). Stress & Emotion. Washington MC: Taylor & Francis.
Baker, L.A., Caholin, L.P., Gerst, K., & Burr, J.A. (2005). Productive activity and subjective well-being among older adults: the influence of number of activities and time commitment.Social Indicator Research, 73, 431-458.
Boehm, J.K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). The promise of sustainable happiness in S. J. Lopez (Ed.), Hand book of positive psychology (2nd ed.; pp 667-677). Oxford: Oxford university press.
Boehm, J.K., Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Does happiness promote career success? Journal of career Assessment, 16, p. 101-116.
Boehm, J.K., Lyubomirsky, S., & Sheldon, K.M. (2011). A longitudinal experimental study comparing the effectiveness of happiness-enhancing strategies in Anglo Americans and Asian Americans.Cognition & Emotion, 25, 1263–1272.
Cheng, H., Furnham, A. (2003). Personality, self-esteem, and demographic predictions of happiness and depression.personality and Individual differences, 34, 921-942.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American psychologist, 55, 34-43.
Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. (2008). Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic psychology, 29, 94-122.
Ford, B.Q., Dmitrieva, J.O., Heller, D.l, Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Grossmann, I., Tamir, M., Uchida, Y., Koopmann-Holm, B., Floerke, V. A., Uhrig, M., Bokhan, T.M. Iris, B. (2015). Culture shapes whether the pursuit of happiness predicts higher or lower well-being. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 144(6), 1053-1062.
Hills, P., Argyle, M. (2001). Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness.Personality and Individual differences, 31, 1357-1364.
John, O.P., Donahue, E.M., & Kentle, R.L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory Version 4a and 54, Berkeley, CA: University of California.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons form a new science. Penguin Press.
Lee, D.S. & Padilla, A.M. (2016). Predicting South Korean University Students’ Happiness through Social Support and Efficacy Beliefs. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling. 38(1), 48-60.
Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon, Psychological Science, 7,186–189.
Lyubomirsky, S. & Layous, K. (2013). How Do Simple Positive Activities Increase Well-Being? Current Directions in Psychological Science,22(1), 57–62.
Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want, New York: Penguin Press.
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K.M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change.Review of General Psychology, 9, 111-131.
Mroczek, D.K., & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the veterans' affairs normative aging study.Journal of personality and social psychology, 88, 189-202.
Sheldon, K.M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2004). Achieving sustainable new happiness: Prospects, practices, and prescriptions. In A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 127-145). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Sheldon, K.M., Boehm, J.K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). Variety is the spice of happiness: The hedonic adaptation prevention (HAP) model. In I. Boniwell & S. David (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 901–914). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Sheldon, K.M., Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). Is it possible to become Happier? (And if so, How?), Social and personality psychology compass, 10, 129-145.
Shields, M., & wheatley, P.S. (2005). Exploring the economic and social determinants of psychological well-being and perceived social support in England. Journal Royal statistical society (port 3), 513-537.
Sin, N.L., Della Porta, M.D., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2011). Tailoring positive psychology interventions to treat depressed individuals. In S. I. Donaldson, M. Csikszentmihalyi, & J. Nakamura (Eds.), Applied positive psychology: Improving everyday life, health, schools, work, and society (pp. 79–96). New York, NY: Routledge.
