تأثیر رواندرمانی مثبت (PPT) بر نشانه‌های افسردگی و عزت نفس زنان چاق
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
فاطمه سعادت بین جواهری
1
(کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران)
منصور حکیم جوادی
2
(دانشیار، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران)
رضا سلطانی شال
3
(استادیار، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران)
کلید واژه: چاقی, رواندرمانی مثبت, افسردگی, عزت نفس,
چکیده مقاله :
چاقی به عنوان یک بیماری همه گیر یکی از علل اصلی بروز اختلالات روانشناختی در افراد چاق است. بنابراین هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثربخشی روان درمانی مثبت بر کاهش نشانه های افسردگی و افزایش عزت نفس زنان چاق بود. بدین منظور از طرح چند خط پایه چندگانه با دوره پیگیری استفاده شد. برای انجام پژوهش ابتدا از بین افراد متقاضی که در پی اطلاعیه ای در فضای مجازی مبنی بر برگزاری جلسات رواندرمانی مثبت جهت کاهش آسیب های روانشناختی ناشی از چاقی تماس گرفته بودند 4 نفر که دارای نشانه های افسردگی و عزت نفس پایین بودند انتخاب شدند، که درنهایت 3 شرکت کننده تا انتها همکاری نموند. ابتدا برای هرکدام از شرکت کنندگان به صورت تصادفی بین 2 تا 4 جلسه خط پایه برگزار شد. ارزیابی ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه های افسردگی ) (Goldberg,1972 و عزت نفس ( (Cooper Smith, 1967، جلسات مداخله و مرحله پیگیری انجام گرفت. داده ها به کمک تحلیل دیداری، رسم نمودار، شاخص آمار توصیفی ومحاسبه درصد بهبودی ارایه گردید. نتایج نشان داد روان درمانی مثبت در کاهش نشانه های افسردگی و افزایش عزت نفس زنان چاق مؤثر بوده. مداخلات روان درمانی مثبت می تواند افکار مثبت را جایگزین افکار منفی در افراد چاق نماید که این امر موجب بهبود افسردگی و افزایش عزت نفس در آنها می شود. همچنین نتایج پیگیری یک دوره پیگیری سه ماهه نشان داد رواندرمانی مثبت بر افسردگی همچنان برقرار است درحالی که نمرات عزت نفس شرکت کنندگان کاهش یافته بود.
Obesity as an epidemic disease plays an important role in the development of several Psychological disorders in obese people. In the same vein the main purpose ofthis article is determining the effectiveness of positive-psychotherapy inthe reduction of sings of depression and self-steem in obese women. For this aim, a single-case experimental trial of multiple-baseline type was carried out. To conduct the study,4 people with symptoms of depression and low self-esteem were selected from among the applicants who had contacted following an announcement in cyberspace about holding positive psycho therapy sessions to reduce the psychological damage caused by obesity. 3 participants cooperated until the end. First, for each participant, between 2 and4 baseline sessions were held at random. Assessments were performed using the Depression (Goldberg, 1972) and Self-Esteem (Cooper Smith, 1967) Questionnaires of the intervention and follow-up sessions. Data were presented using visual analysis, charting, descriptive statistics index and calculation of recovery percentage. The results showed that positive-psychotherapy was effective in reducing depressive symptoms and increasing self-esteem in obesewomen. Positivepsychotherapy interventions can replace positive thoughts with negative ones inobesepeople, whichcan improve depression and increase self-esteem. The results of a three-month follow-up period also showed that positive-psychotherapy for depression was still present while
Alboyeh, G., Tabatabai, S. M., Rahimian Bogar, A., & Tabatabai, Kh. s. (2015). The effect of positive psychology group intervention on self-esteem, self-concept and academic achievement of first grade female high school students. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 12 (22), 1–22..(Persion)
Aminpoor, H., Afshinfar, J., Mostafaei, A., & Ostovar, S. (2012). Validation of Goldberg's Depression Scale in academ ic and non-academic peoples. Annals of Biological Research, 3(9), 4564-4573.
Aslanifar, A., Bahrami, H., & Asadzadeh, H. (2018). The effectiveness of positivist group therapy in promoting resilience and self-esteem of divorced women. Journal of Women's and Family Education, 12 (42), 97-111.
Araghi, M. H., Jagielski, A., Neira, I., Brown, A., Higgs, S., Thomas, G. N., & Taheri, S. (2013). The complex associations among sleep quality, anxiety-depression, and quality of life in patients with extreme. obesity Sleep, 36(12), 1859–1865.
Asgharipoor, N., Asgharnejad Farid, A., Arshadi, H., & Sahebi, A. (2012). A comparative study on the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy for the patients suffering from major depressive disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 6(2), 33–41. (Persian)
Assarzadegan, M., & Raisi, z. (2019). The effectiveness of positive psychology-based education on psychological well-being and its performance due to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Nursing Quarterly, 7 (2), 793–808. (Persian)
Batista, A., Carvalho Santos, A. S. e A. de, Danésio de Souza, J., & Silveira, E. A. (2020). Traditional Brazilian diet and extra virgin olive oil reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with severe obesity: Randomized clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition. (in press)
Brewis, A. A., & Han, S. Y. (2017). Weight, gender, and depressive symptoms in South Korea. American Journal of Human Biology: The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, 29(4), 205-217.
Bm, O., & Km, L. (2001). Clinical significance: History, application, and current practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(3), 421–446.
Castelnuovo, G., Pietrabissa, G., Manzoni, G., Cattivelli, R., Rossi, A., Novelli, M., & Molinari, E. (2017). Cognitive behavioral therapy to aid weight loss in obese patients: current perspectives. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 10, 165–173.
Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Coopersmit, S. (1990). Manual of Self-esteem Inventory, Published: consulting Psychologists.
Dockray, S., & Steptoe, A. (2010). Positive affect and psychobiological processes. Neuroscience & Biology-Behavioral Reviews,35 (1), 69-75.
Dowlatabadi, M. M., Ahmadi, S. M., Sorbi, M. H., & Bidaki, R. (2016). The effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on depression and happiness in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. Electronic Physician, 8(3), 2175–2180.
Erkaya, R., & Karabulutlu, O., & Calik, K. U. (2018). The effect of maternal obesity on self-esteem and body image. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(6), 1079–1084.
Fathi Ashtiyani, A. (2010). Psychological tests: personality evaluation and mental health, 1, Tehran: Besat. (Persian)
Ghorbani, m., Alipour, A., & Ali Akbari Dehkordi, M. (2017). The effect of positive approach interventions on depression, self-esteem, life expectancy and body image of mastectomy women. Journal of Health Psychology, 6 (23), 151–167. (Persian)
Goldberg, I. K. (1993). Questions and answers about depression and its treatment: a consultation with a leading psychiatrist. Charles Press Publishers, 5 (4), 159–167.
Gonzales, M. M., Tarumi, T., Eagan, D. E., Tanaka, H., Vaghasia, M., & Haley, A. P. (2012). Indirect effects of elevated body mass index on memory performance through altered cerebral metabolite concentrations. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(7), 691–698.
Guo, Y.-F., Zhang, X., Plummer, V., Lam, L., Cross, W., & Zhang, J. P. (2017). Positive psychotherapy for depression and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing students: A randomized, controlled trial. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 26(4), 375–383.
Hennessey, D. B., Bolton, E. M., Thomas, A. Z., Manecksha, R. P., & Lynch, T. H. (2017). The Effect of Obesity and Increased Waist Circumference on the Outcome of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy. Advances in Urology, 20 (17), 394-347.
Hoffmann, S., & Warschburger, P. (2018). Patterns of body image concerns in adolescence and early adulthood: A latent profile analysis. Eating Behaviors, 29, 28–34.
Holm, J., Holm, L., & Bech, P. (2001). Monitoring improvement using a patient-rated depression scale during treatment with anti-depressants in general practice. A validation study on the Goldberg Depression Scale. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 19(4), 263–266.
Hruby, A., & Hu, F. B. (2015). The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture. PharmacoEconomics, 33(7), 673–689.
Ko, Y. S., & Hyun, M. Y. (2016). Effects of a Positive Psychotherapy Program on Depression, Self-esteem, and Hope in Patients with Major Depressive Disorders. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(4), 246–256.
Kramer, N. E., Cosgrove, V. E., Dunlap, K., Subramaniapillai, M., McIntyre, R. S., & Suppes, T. (2019). A clinical model for identifying an in phenotype in mood disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 113, 148–158.
Layous, K., Chancellor, J., Lyubomirsky, S., Wang, L., & Doraiswamy, P. M. (2011). Delivering Happiness: Translating Positive Psychology Intervention Research for Treating Major and Minor Depressive Disorders. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 104, 241-252.
Layous, K., Lee, H., Choi, I., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). Culture Matters When Designing a Successful Happiness-Increasing Activity: A Comparison of the United States and South Korea. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(8), 1294–1303.
Mahmoudi, H., & Khoshakhlagh, H. (2018). The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Psychological Well-being and Self-Esteem among Adolescents with Depression Disorder. Social Behavior Research & Health, 2(1), 153–163.
Magnavita, N. (2007). Anxiety and depression at work. The A/D Goldberg Questionnaire. Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia, 29, 670–671.
Martins, L. B., Monteze, N. M., Calarge, C., Ferreira, A. V. M., & Teixeira, A. L. (2019). Pathways linking obesity to neuropsychiatric disorders. Nutrition, 66, 16-21.
Park, A., & Kim, Y. (2018). The longitudinal influence of child maltreatment on child obesity in South Korea: The mediating effects of low self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Children and Youth Services Review, 87, 34–40.
Parks-Sheiner, A. C. (2009). Positive Psychotherapy: Building a model of empirically supported self -help (published doctoral dissertation). University of Pennsylvania, America.
Perrin, E. M., & Boone, H. (2010). Perception of overweight and self-esteem during adolescence. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43(5), 447–454.
Rashid, T., & Anjum, A. (2008). Positive psychotherapy for young adults and children. In Handbook of depression in children and adolescents. 250–287.
SeyediAsl, S. T., Sadeghi, K., Bakhtiari, M., Ahmadi, S. M., Nazari Anamagh, A., & Khayatan, T. (2016). Effect of Group Positive Psychotherapy on Improvement of Life Satisfaction and The Quality of Life in Infertile Woman. International Journal of Fertility & Sterility, 10(1), 105–112. (Persian)
Simon, G. E., Rohde, P., Ludman, E. J., Jeffery, R. W., Linde, J. A., Operskalski, B. H., & Arterburn, D. (2010). Association between change in depression and change in weight among women enrolled in weight loss treatment. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32(6), 583–589.
Thomas, I. (1984). Measurement Of Self-Esteem: An Inventory For secondary School Pupils. psychological children, 29 (1), 29-33.
World Health Organization (2018). Depression Fact Shee: WHO. Available in: www.who.int.
_||_