اثربخشی آموزش ذهنآگاهی بر تصویر بدن، تکانشگری و سازگاری اجتماعی دختران نوجوان چاق 14-18 سال
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
مریم سپیانی
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف آباد، اصفهان، ایران)
ملیحه سادات کاظمی
2
(استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف آباد، اصفهان، ایران)
کلید واژه: تصویر بدن, سازگاری اجتماعی, تکانشگری, چاقی, ذهنآگاهی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش، تعیین میزان اثربخشی آموزش ذهنآگاهی بر تصویر بدن، تکانشگری و سازگاری اجتماعی در دختران چاق بود. روش پژوهش، نیمهآزمایشی، پیش آزمون-پس آزمون همراه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری، دختران نوجوان چاق شهرستان نجف آباد در نیمه اول سال 1397 بود. ابتدا تعداد 30 نفر از دانش آموزان دختر مقطع متوسطه 1 و2 با دامنه سنی 14 تا 18 سال که بر طبق معیار شاخص توده بدنی (BMI) چاق محسوب می‌شدند، بصورت هدفمند انتخاب و سپس بطور تصادفی در دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش (هرگروه 15نفر) جایگزین شدند. هر دو گروه سه پرسشنامه روابط چندبعدی بدن (Cash, 1990)، پرسشنامه تکانشگری بارت (Patton,Stanford & Barratt,1995) و پرسشنامه سازگاری اجتماعی کالیفرنیا (Thorpe, Clark & Tiegs, 1939) را قبل از آموزش تکمیل نمودند. سپس گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش ذهنآگاهی (8جلسه‌ی 90 دقیقه‌ای) قرار گرفت و گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله ای دریافت نکرد. بعد از اتمام آموزش، پرسشنامه ها توسط هر دو گروه تکمیل شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزارSPSS 21 با تحلیل کوواریانس تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها نشان داد که بین گروه های آزمایش و کنترل در متغیرهای تصویر بدن، تکانشگری و سازگاری اجتماعی تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت (01/0 P<). همچنین مقایسه میانگین ها در نمرات پس آزمون مولفه گرایش ضد اجتماعی، نشان داد که گروه آزمایش نمرات بالاتری را نسبت به گروه کنترل کسب کرده است و نشان می دهد که گروه آزمایش بعد از آموزش ذهن آگاهی، در مولفه گرایش ضد اجتماعی، سازگاری و عملکرد بهتری داشته است. بنابراین آموزش ذهنآگاهی می‌تواند در بهبود تصویر بدن، تکانشگری و سازگاری اجتماعی دختران نوجوان چاق موثر واقع شود.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness training on body image, impulsivity and social adjustment in obese girls in Najafabad city. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with control group. And the Statistical population, was all the obese girls at the first half of 1397 in Najafabad city . At first, 30 female high school students in grade 1 and 2 with a range of 14 to 18 years old who were considered obese according to the body mass index (BMI) were selected purposefully. Then they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (each group was 15). Both groups answered to three questionnaires before training: Multidimensional Body Relationships, (Cache, 1990), Barratt impulsivity Inventory, (Patton, Stanford & Barratt, 1995) and California Social Adaptation Inventory (Thorpe, Clark & Tiegs, 1939). The experimental group underwent mindfulness training (8 sessions; 90 minutes) and after completing the training, the questionnaires were completed by both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance with SPSS 21 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in body image, impulsivity and social adjustment (P <0.01). Also, a comparison of the scores in the post-test scores of the antisocial orientation component showed that the experimental group obtained higher scores than the control group and showed that the experimental group, after training the mindfulness training, in the anti-antithesis component. It has had better social, adaptability and performance. Therefore, Mindfulness training can be effective in improving body image, impulsivity and social adaptability.
Ahadi, H., & Jomhari, F. (2012). Growth psychology: adolescence, adulthood (youth, middle age and old). Tehran: Bright future. [Persian]
Amiri Parsa, T,. Khademosharie M,. Hamedinia M,. Azarnive M,. (2014). Evaluation of the Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in 30- to 50-year-old Women of Sabzevar. irje. 2014; 9 (4) :75-83 [Persian]
Assar Kashani, H,. Roshan, R,. Khalaj, A,. Mohammadi, J. (2013). Comparison of emotional malaise and body image in obese, overweight and normal weight people. Journal of Health Psychology, 1 (2), 70-80. [Persian]
Attari, Y., Shahni Yilagh, M., Bashlideh, K., and Kouchaki Ashour, M. (2005). The effect of group training of social skills on individual-social adjustment of delinquent juveniles in Gonbad Kavous. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology, 12, (3),. 46-25. [Persian]
Blank, M. J., Berg, A.C., & Melaville, A. (2006). The role of Cross-boundary leadership. Washington (DC): Coalition for Community Schools.
Brantley, J. K. (2005). Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to
anxiety, Conceptualization and treatment NewYork, Springer, 131-145.
Bray, G.A., & Ryan, D.H. (2012). Medical Therapy for the Patient with Obesity. 125 (13): 1695-703.
Cash, T. F. (1990). The psychology of physical appearance aesthetics, attributes, and change. (pp-51-79). New York. (Guilford press).
Cox W. M., & Klinger, Eric. (2004). Handbook of motivational counseling: Goal-Based Approaches to Assessment and Intervention with Addiction and Other Problems, Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons.
Dalen, J., Smith, B. W., Shelley, B. M., Sloan, A. L., Leahigh, L., & Begay, D. (2010). Pilot study: Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL): Weight, eating behavior, and psychological outcomes associated with a mindfulness-based intervention for people with obesity. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 18, 260-264.
Danielzik, S., Czerwinski-Mast, M., & Langnase, K. (2004). Parenteral overweight, socioeconomic status and hight birth weight are the major determinant of overweight and obesity in 5-7old children: baseline data of the Kiel obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Into J Obese Relate Disorder, 28(11):1494-502.
Dehestani, M,. (2012). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on depression, anxiety and depression in female students. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 10 (37), 47-56. [Persian]
Franco, C., Amutio, A., Lopes-Gonzales, L., Oriol, X., & Martinez-Taboda, C. (2016). Effect of a Mindfulness Training Program on the Impulsivity and Aggression Levels of Adolescents with Behavioral Problems in the Classroom. Frontiers in Psychology,7, 1385.
Ghaderi Javid, S,. Gholamrezaei, S,. Rezaei F., (2016). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing perceived stress and eating disorders in students with eating disorders. Journal of Medical Science Studies.; 27 (9): 801-810 [Persian]
Ghartappeh A, Talepasand S,. (2015) . Relationship Between Personal And Social Adjustment With Locus of Control and Gender in Intelligent High School Student. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot.; 3 (2) :159-166. [Persian]
Golian, Sh,. Ghiyasvand, M,. Mirmohamad Ali, M,. Mehran,. M. (2014). The relationship between body image of obese adolescent girls and depression, anxiety and stress. Payesh.; 13 (4) :433-440 [Persian]
Habibpour, Z,. Taebi, M,. Akbarbeglo M,. (2009). Comparison of body image satisfaction in boy & girl teenagers of Isfahan high schools during year 20002-3. Quarterly Journal of Rafsanjan School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 43-38. [Persian]
Hartmann, A. S., Rief, W., & Hilbert, A. (2011). Psychometric properties of the German version of the Barratt impulsiveness Scale, version 11 (Bis–11) for adolescents. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112(2), 353-368.
Jafari, A,. Shahabi, S R,. (2017). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on statetrait anxiety and quality of life in women with obesity. Feyz.; 21 (1) :83-93[Persian]
Janda, L. H. (1998). Psychological testing: theory and applications. Allyn & Bacon, 160 Gould Street, Needham Heights, MA 02194.
Javid, M., Mohammadi, N., & Rahimi, C. H. (2012). Psychometric properties of an Iranian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). (per)
Kenny, M. A., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007). Treatment-resistant depressed patients show a good response to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 45(3), 617-625.
Keyvan, Sh., Khezri Moghadam, N., and Rajab, A. (2017). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychosocial adaptation to the disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 17 (2),. 116-105. [Persian]
Kristeller, L.A., Baer R.S., & Wolever, R.B. (2006). Mindfulness-Based Approaches to eating Disorders. New York, Guilford Press, 105.
Levoy, E., Lazaridou, A., Brewer, J., & Fulwiler, C. (2017). An exploratory study of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction foremotional eating. Appetite, 109, 124-130.
Meule., & Platte, P. (2015). Facets of impulsivity interactively predict body fat and binge eating inyoung women. Appetite, 87,352-357.
Moradi, M., Samari, A. (2017). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on clinical symptoms and body image in women with bulimia nervosa. Journal of Mental Health Principles, 19 (5), 394-400. [Persian]
Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale.
Ruffault, A., Czernichow, S., Hagger, M. S., Margot, F., Nelly Erichot, N., Carette, C., Boujut, E., Flahault, C. (2017).The effects of mindfulness training on weight-loss and health-related behaviours in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 5 (11), Supplement 1, 90-111.
Sadeghi K, Gharraee B, Fata L, Mazhari S Z. (2010). Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Treating Patients with Obesity. IJPCP. 16 (2) :107-117[Persian]
Safaryazdi, Z,. Nejati, V. (2012). Comparing impulsivity and risky decision-making in obese and normal individuals. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 16 (1) :58-64. [Persian]
Stanford, M.S., Mathias, C.W., Dougherty, D.M., Lake, S.L., Anderson, N.E., & Patton, J.H. (2009). Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: an update and review. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(5), 385-95.
Taghvaei, D. (2017). The effectiveness of teaching mindfulness techniques on the general health of middle school girls in Arak. Clinical Psychology and Counseling Research, 7, (1),. 76-67. [Persian]
Tapper, K. (2017). Can mindfulness influence weight management related eating behaviors? If so, how? Clinical Psychology Review,53, 122-134.
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., & Williams, M. G. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control mindfulness training help? Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 25-39.
Thorpe, L. P., Clark, W. W., & Tiegs, E. W. (1939). California Test of Personality-Elementary, Form A. Los Angeles, California: California Test Bureau.
Tohidifar, J., Tajbakhsh, M. (2017). The effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on students' social adjustment and Impaster syndrome. National Conference on Psychology, Educational and Social Sciences, (3) 10-1. [Persian]
Walker, L., Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion and happiness in non-mediators: A theoretical and empirical examination, Personality and Individual Differences,50, 222-227.
Zamzami, A,. Agahheris, M,. Janbozorgi. M,. (2015). The investigation efficacy of behavioral-mindfulness-acceptance intervention on modifying negative body image and self-schema among female students . pajoohande.; 19 (6) :304-311. [Persian]
Zarei, A., Poursharifi, H,. Babapour, J. (2016) The Role of Body Image Dissatisfaction and Mental Health in Prediction of Adolescent Obesity among Girls. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.; 18 (3) :197-204 [Persian]
_||_