حل مسئله چندهدفه مکان یابی سرویس های اینترنت اشیاء در محاسبات مه با استفاده از رویکردهای یادگیری تقویتی
محورهای موضوعی : پردازش چند رسانه ای، سیستمهای ارتباطی، سیستمهای هوشمند
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: اینترنت اشیا, محاسبات مه, مکان &rlm, یابی سرویس, یادگیری تقویتی, محاسبات ابر,
چکیده مقاله :
اینترنت اشیاء داده بسیاری را تولید می کند و پردازش حجم زیادی از این اطلاعات در مراکز داده ابری صورت می گیرد. انتقال داده ها به ابر، منجر به ایجاد تاخیر بسیاری در سرویس های اینترنت اشیاء می شود. بنابراین، به جهت افزایش سرعت در ارائه سرویس ها، باید منابع تا جای ممکن نزدیک به کاربران قرار داده شوند. در این مقاله، یک چارچوب محاسبات مفهومی مبتنی بر میان افزار کنترل ابر-مه به‌منظورمکان یابی بهینه سرویس های اینترنت اشیاء پیشنهاد می شود. در روش پیشنهادی با در نظر گرفتن ناهمگن بودن برنامه ها و منابع، یک مدل برنامه‌ریزی خودمختار برای مدیریت درخواست های سرویس با توجه به برخی محدودیت ها به روش تحلیلی ارائه می شود. برای حل مسئله مکان یابی سرویس های اینترنت اشیاء، یک رویکرد تکاملی خودمختار مبتنی بر رویکردهای یادگیری تقویتی با هدف استفاده حداکثر از منابع مه و بهبود کیفیت سرویس پیشنهاد می شود. لذا از الگوریتم رویکرد یادگیری تقویتی جدید با هدف حداکثرسازی پاداش تجمعی بلندمدت استفاده شده است. مطالعات تجربی بر روی یک محیط مصنوعی شبیه سازی شده بر اساس فاکتورهای ارزیابی مختلف شامل استفاده از مه، هزینه سرویس، زمان پاسخ و تاخیر سرویس انجام شده است. به طور میانگین، نتایج روش پیشنهادی نسبت به روش های FSP-ODMA، SPP-GWO، CSA-FSPP و GA-FSP به ترتیب 4.6%، 2.4%، 3.4% و 1.1% برتری را نشان می دهد.
Introduction: The data generated in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem requires continuous and timely processing. Transferring generated data to cloud data centers is costly and unsuitable for real-time applications. To increase the speed of service delivery, resources should be placed as close as possible to the user, i.e. at the edge of the network. A new paradigm called fog computing was introduced and added as a layer in the IoT architecture to meet this challenge. Fog computing provides the processing and storage of IoT data locally in the vicinity of IoT devices rather than in the cloud. Fog computing can provide less latency and better service quality for real-time applications than cloud computing. In general, there are theoretical foundations for fog computing, but the issue of locating IoT services to fog nodes remains a challenge and has attracted a great deal of research.
Method: In this research, a conceptual computing framework based on cloud-fog control software is proposed to optimally locate IoT services. The proposed model is formulated as an autonomous planning model for managing service requests due to some constraints, considering the heterogeneity of programs and resources. To solve the problem of locating IoT services, an autonomous evolutionary approach based on enhanced learning approaches has been proposed with the aim of making maximum use of fog-based resources and improving service quality. A heterogeneous advantage operator-criterion algorithm is used as a new reinforcement learning approach aimed at maximizing long-term cumulative reward.
Results: The results of the comparisons showed that the proposed reinforcement learning-enabled framework performs better than the advanced methods of the literature. The results of the proposed method compared to FSP-ODMA, SPP-GWO, CSA-FSPP, and GA-FSP methods indicate 4.6%, 2.4%, 3.4%, and 1.1% improvement, respectively.
Discussion: Experimental studies were performed on a simulated artificial environment based on various metrics including fog usage, services performed, response time, and service delay. The proposed reinforcement learning-enabled framework outperforms the previous works and shows better scalability. Analysis of parallel heuristic algorithms to find a more accurate localization than evolutionary approaches is another aspect of future work. We intend to consider new reinforcement learning approaches such as the Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic (A3C) algorithm along with the long-term cumulative reward maximization policy for locating services. Also, future efforts will explore reinforcement learning approaches for failure recovery towards Cloud-Fog-IoT architecture, where parallel processing architecture of IoT services can be considered in the location process.
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