اثر منبع نشاسته با و بدون آنزیم بر عملکرد، خصوصیات دستگاه گوارش و ترکیب مدفوع در جوجه‌های گوشتی
محورهای موضوعی :
فیزیولوژی تجربی و آسیب شناسی
آرمان امامی
1
(گروه علوم دامی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه ، مراغه ، ایران.)
علی نوبخت
2
(گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه ، مراغه ، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/09/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/12/08
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01
کلید واژه:
دستگاه گوارش,
آنزیم,
جوجه‌گوشتی,
عملکرد,
گندم,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نشاسته از اجزا مهم تولید کننده انرژی در جیره‌های غذایی می‌باشد. نوع نشاسته موجود در دانه‌ها از لحاظ قابلیت هضم، تولید انرژی و ایجاد چسبندگی در روده با هم متفاوت هستند. از آنجایی که در جیره‌های غذایی مورد استفاده طیور، از منابع مختلف غذایی به منظور تأمین انرژی مورد نیاز استفاده می‌شود، لذا انرژی تأمین شده نیز می‌تواند متغیر باشد. در آزمایش حاضر اثرات استفاده از دانه‌های ذرت، گندم نرم و گندم سخت به عنوان منابع تأمین کننده انرژی و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد، خصوصیات دستگاه گوارش و ترکیب مدفوع جوجه‌های گوشتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی اثرجیره‌های غذایی بر پایه ذرت، گندم نرم و گندم سخت (منابع نشاسته) با و بدون آنزیم بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، وزن دستگاه گوارش، پروتئین و رطوبت مدفوع جوجه‌های گوشتی، از تعداد 480 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس- 308، در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 2× 5 با 10 جیره شامل (جیره بر پایه ذرت، 15 و 30 درصد گندم نرم، 15 و 30 درصد گندم سخت) و دو سطح آنزیم (صفر و 05/0 درصد جیره) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 10 تیمار، چهار تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد نوع منبع نشاسته و آنزیم اثر ات معنیداری بر عملکرد جوجهها در پایان دوره آزمایش نداشت (05/0<P). در خصوص تأثیر منبع نشاسته بر ترکیب لاشه جوجهها، 30 درصد گندم سخت باعث افزایش درصد سینه جوجهها شد (05/0 P<). تغذیه پرندگان با جیره حاوی آنزیم، باعث افزایش درصد لاشه و کاهش درصد سنگدان شد (05/0 P<). استفاده از آنزیم در جیره‌ها موجب کاهش مقدار پروتئین دفعی از طریق مدفوع شد و کمترین مقدار پروتئین مدفوع با جیره حاوی 30 درصد گندم نرم و آنزیم به دست آمد. رطوبت مدفوع و خصوصیات دستگاه گوارش تحت تأثیر نوع جیره و آنزیم استفاده شده قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از جیره‌های با منابع مختلف نشاسته، اثرات معنیداری بر عملکرد جوجهها نداشت ولی استفاده از 30 درصد گندم سخت (به عنوان یکی از منابع نشاسته) و آنزیم می‌تواند اثرات مثبتی بر صفات لاشه داشته باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background & Aim: Starch is one of the important energy producing components in food rations. The type of starch present in grains is different in terms of digestibility, energy production and adhesion in the intestine. Since in the food rations used by poultry, different food sources are used in order to provide the required energy, therefore the energy provided can also be variable. In the present experiment, the effects of using grain seeds, soft wheat and durum wheat as sources of energy supply and its effect on the performance, characteristics of the digestive system and the composition of feces of broiler chickens were evaluated. Materials & Methods: In order to investigate the effects of corn, soft wheat and durum wheat based diets with and without enzymes on performance, carcass traits, digestive system weight, protein and feces moisture of broiler chickens, out of 480 pieces of Ras-308 broiler chickens, in A 2*5 factorial experiment with 10 diets including (maize-based diet, 15 and 30% soft wheat, 15 and 30% durum wheat) and two enzyme levels (zero and 0.05% of diet) in the form of a completely randomized design with 10 Treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicken were used in each replicate. Results: The results showed that the type of diet and enzyme had no significant effect on performance (P<0.05). 30% of durum wheat increased breast percentage (P<0.05). Feeding birds with diet containing enzyme increased the percentage of carcasses and decreased the percentage of stone (P<0.05). The use of enzyme in the rations decreased the protein excretion and the lowest amount of stool protein was obtained with the ration containing 30% soft wheat and enzyme. Stool moisture and digestive tract characteristics were not affected by the type of diet and enzyme used (P<0.05).Conclusion: The use of different diets did not have significant effects on performance, but the use of 30% durum wheat and enzyme can have positive effects on carcass traits.
منابع و مأخذ:
Mahini F, Nobakht A, Khodaei S. Investigation the effect of commercial enzymes using on the performance and carcass traits of broilers fed with wheat and barley based diets. Iranian Journal of Animal Seience. 2010; Apr 4 (1): 32-38.
Farhadi H, Sayahzadeh H, Jafari- Arvari AR. The effect of enzyme addition in diets on the basis of corn, barley and wheat on carcass quality and broiler performance. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Resourse. 2009; Sep16 (Special Issue 1-∂): 1-13.
Nobakht A, Baghbabaei R, Taghizadeh A. The effects of probio-enzyme addition to wheat-barley based diets on the performance and blood metabolites of broilers. J. ournal of Animal Science. 2014; Jun 22 (3): 1-14.
Garcia M, Lazaro R, Latorre M, Gracia I, Mateos GG. Influence of enzyme supplementation and heat processing of barley on digestive traits and productive performance of broilers. Poultry Science. 2008; Agu 45: 101-108.
Nobakht A. Effect of enzyme supplementation in wheat based diets on hen performance and egg quality. Pajouhesh and Sazandeghi. 2010; may 89: 33- 40.
Gilbert ER, Wong EA, Webb KE. Peptide absorption and utilization: Implications for animal nutrition and health. Animal Science. 2008; May86: 2135-2155.
Shahir MH, Moradi S, Afsarian O, Haydarinia A. The effect of enzyme and organic acid in corn and wheat based diets on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers. Iranian Journal of Animal Research. 2012; Sep3 (4): 351-362.
Cowieson AJ, Acamovic, Bedford MR. The effects of phytase and phytic acid on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 2004 Jun;45:101-108.
Pourreza J, Classon H. Efficacy of phosphorous and protein using in male broilers fed with some verities of wheat with and without enzyme. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Technologhy. 1992; Jun6 (3): 213-219.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Development regulation of nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA abundance in the small intestine of broilers. Poultry Science. 2007; Jun45: 101-108.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Dietary protein composition influences abundance of peptide and amino acid transporter messenger ribonucleic acid in the small intestine of 2 lines of broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 2010; Apri45: 101-108.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Dietary protein quality and feed restriction influence abundance of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chicks. Journal of Nutrition. 2007; Oct138: 262-271.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Developmental regulation of nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA abundance in the small intestine of broilers. Poultry Science. 2007; Agu86: 1739-1753.
Hassanzadeh Seyedi A, Janmohammadi H, Hossenkhani A, Sadighi MH. Determination non starch polysaccharides and true metabolizable energy some verities of wheat in East Azerbaijan province. Journal of Animal Science. 2014; Nov24 (3): 147-157.
Ravindran V, Selle PH, Bryden WL. Effects of phytase supplementation, individually and in combination, with glycanase, on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. Poultry Science. 1999; Mar78: 1588-1595.
Slominski BA. Recent advances in research on enzymes for poultry diets. Review: Poultry Science. 2011; May 90: 2013-2023.
Silva SSP, Smithard RR. Effect of enzyme supplementation of a rye-based diet on xylanase activity in the small intestine of broilers, on intestinal crypt cell proliferation and on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of the birds. British Journal of Poultry Science. 2002; Oct43: 274-282.
Pourreza J, Samie AH, Rowghani E. Effect of supplemental enzyme on nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chicks fed on diets containing triticale. International Journal of Poultry Seience. 2014; May6: 115-117.
Uni Z, Smirnov A, Skalan D. Pre- and posthatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine: Effect of delayed access to feed. Poultry Science. 2002; Sep82: 320-327.
Ravindran V, Selle PH, Ravindran G, Morel PCM, Kies AK, Bryden WL. Microbial phytase improves performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and ileal amino acid digestibility of broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet. Poultry Science. 2001; May 80: 338-344.
SAS Institute. SAS procedure guide for personal computers, STAT User Guide, Statistics. Version 9.1., SAS . 2005; INC, Cary NC.
Viveros A, Brenes A, Pizarro M, Castanb M. Effect of enzyme supplementation of a diet based on barley on apparent digestibility, growth performance and gut morphology of broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2011; may48: 237-251.
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Mahini F, Nobakht A, Khodaei S. Investigation the effect of commercial enzymes using on the performance and carcass traits of broilers fed with wheat and barley based diets. Iranian Journal of Animal Seience. 2010; Apr 4 (1): 32-38.
Farhadi H, Sayahzadeh H, Jafari- Arvari AR. The effect of enzyme addition in diets on the basis of corn, barley and wheat on carcass quality and broiler performance. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Resourse. 2009; Sep16 (Special Issue 1-∂): 1-13.
Nobakht A, Baghbabaei R, Taghizadeh A. The effects of probio-enzyme addition to wheat-barley based diets on the performance and blood metabolites of broilers. J. ournal of Animal Science. 2014; Jun 22 (3): 1-14.
Garcia M, Lazaro R, Latorre M, Gracia I, Mateos GG. Influence of enzyme supplementation and heat processing of barley on digestive traits and productive performance of broilers. Poultry Science. 2008; Agu 45: 101-108.
Nobakht A. Effect of enzyme supplementation in wheat based diets on hen performance and egg quality. Pajouhesh and Sazandeghi. 2010; may 89: 33- 40.
Gilbert ER, Wong EA, Webb KE. Peptide absorption and utilization: Implications for animal nutrition and health. Animal Science. 2008; May86: 2135-2155.
Shahir MH, Moradi S, Afsarian O, Haydarinia A. The effect of enzyme and organic acid in corn and wheat based diets on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers. Iranian Journal of Animal Research. 2012; Sep3 (4): 351-362.
Cowieson AJ, Acamovic, Bedford MR. The effects of phytase and phytic acid on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 2004 Jun;45:101-108.
Pourreza J, Classon H. Efficacy of phosphorous and protein using in male broilers fed with some verities of wheat with and without enzyme. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Technologhy. 1992; Jun6 (3): 213-219.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Development regulation of nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA abundance in the small intestine of broilers. Poultry Science. 2007; Jun45: 101-108.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Dietary protein composition influences abundance of peptide and amino acid transporter messenger ribonucleic acid in the small intestine of 2 lines of broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 2010; Apri45: 101-108.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Dietary protein quality and feed restriction influence abundance of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chicks. Journal of Nutrition. 2007; Oct138: 262-271.
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb KE, Wong EA. Developmental regulation of nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA abundance in the small intestine of broilers. Poultry Science. 2007; Agu86: 1739-1753.
Hassanzadeh Seyedi A, Janmohammadi H, Hossenkhani A, Sadighi MH. Determination non starch polysaccharides and true metabolizable energy some verities of wheat in East Azerbaijan province. Journal of Animal Science. 2014; Nov24 (3): 147-157.
Ravindran V, Selle PH, Bryden WL. Effects of phytase supplementation, individually and in combination, with glycanase, on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. Poultry Science. 1999; Mar78: 1588-1595.
Slominski BA. Recent advances in research on enzymes for poultry diets. Review: Poultry Science. 2011; May 90: 2013-2023.
Silva SSP, Smithard RR. Effect of enzyme supplementation of a rye-based diet on xylanase activity in the small intestine of broilers, on intestinal crypt cell proliferation and on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of the birds. British Journal of Poultry Science. 2002; Oct43: 274-282.
Pourreza J, Samie AH, Rowghani E. Effect of supplemental enzyme on nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chicks fed on diets containing triticale. International Journal of Poultry Seience. 2014; May6: 115-117.
Uni Z, Smirnov A, Skalan D. Pre- and posthatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine: Effect of delayed access to feed. Poultry Science. 2002; Sep82: 320-327.
Ravindran V, Selle PH, Ravindran G, Morel PCM, Kies AK, Bryden WL. Microbial phytase improves performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and ileal amino acid digestibility of broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet. Poultry Science. 2001; May 80: 338-344.
SAS Institute. SAS procedure guide for personal computers, STAT User Guide, Statistics. Version 9.1., SAS . 2005; INC, Cary NC.
Viveros A, Brenes A, Pizarro M, Castanb M. Effect of enzyme supplementation of a diet based on barley on apparent digestibility, growth performance and gut morphology of broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2011; may48: 237-251.
