Critical Political Discourse Analysis of Iran's Minister of Foreign Affairs' Speech at the 58th Munich Security Conference

محورهای موضوعی : Applied Linguistics

Afsaneh Rahimi Tehrani ¹ , Azizeh Chalak ²

1 - Department of English, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 - گروه انگلیسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/05/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/09

کلید واژه: Modality in CDA, Pronouns in CDA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Political Discourse,

چکیده مقاله :

Critical Discourse Analysis is the analysis of ideology and power. It emphasizes obtaining the hidden meaning beyond a text and investigates how speakers/writers use the discourse power to take the readers’/listeners’ attention. The present study was a non-experimental descriptive one conducted in 2022 that investigated the salient linguistic features of the political speech of Iran’s minister of foreign affairs at the 58th Munich Security Conference to search for his political attitudes and ideologies. Fairclough’s CDA model was employed to investigate three interrelated analysis tactics and three dimensions of his discourse. The data were selected from this conference’s video and were examined to check the word choice, personal and plural pronouns I and We, and the modal verbs used. The findings showed that the Islamic Republic of Iran, Government, Iran, and relations were among the most frequently used words to show his ideology about his nation and people.Moreover, We was used more frequently than I to create a positive image for the country. Aware of the difference between the meanings conveyed through these two pronouns, the minister preferred to avoid self-representation or speaking about himself as an individual to prevent all the blaming on him. Considering the modal verbs, would was used more frequently than the others to express his opinion and wishes to show medium politeness in his speech. This study could have implications for practitioners in the field to increase critical thinking and raise awareness of learning and producing appropriate political language

چکیده انگلیسی:

تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، تحلیل ایدئولوژی و قدرت است که بر دستیابی به معنای پنهان فراتر از متن تأکید می کند و اینکه چگونه گویندگان/نویسندگان از قدرت گفتمان برای جلب توجه خوانندگان/شنوندگان استفاده می کنند. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی غیرتجربی بود که در سال 2022 انجام شد و به بررسی ویژگی‌های برجسته زبانی سخنان سیاسی وزیر امور خارجه ایران در پنجاه و هشتمین کنفرانس امنیتی مونیخ پرداخته است. هدف، دستیابی به نگرش‌ها و ایدئولوژی‌های سیاسی وی بود. از مدل تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی فرکلاف برای بررسی سه تاکتیک تحلیلی مرتبط و سه بعد گفتمان استفاده شد. داده ها از ویدئوی این کنفرانس انتخاب شده و واژه های انتخابی توسط این فرد ، ضمایر شخصی و جمع «من وما» و افعال کمکی استفاده شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها نشان داد که کلمات «جمهوری اسلامی ایران، دولت، ایران و روابط» پرکاربردترین واژه ها برای نشان دادن ایدئولوژی وی نسبت به ملتش بوده است. ضمیر «ما» بیشتر از «من» برای ایجاد تصویری مثبت برای کشور مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. او با آگاهی از تفاوت بین معانی منتقل شده از طریق این دو ضمیر، ترجیح داد برای جلوگیری از قرار گرفتن در معرض سرزنش ها، از خودنمایی یا صحبت در مورد خود به عنوان یک فرد اجتناب کند. همچنین فعل کمکی will بیشتر از بقیه برای بیان عقیده و خواسته هاوادب در گفتارش استفاده شده است. این مطالعه می تواند پیامدهایی برای دست اندرکاران این حوزه در افزایش تفکر انتقادی و افزایش آگاهی از یادگیری و تولید زبان سیاسی مناسب داشته باشد.

منابع و مأخذ:

Azar, B. S. (2002). Understanding and using English grammar (3^rd ed.). Longman

Beard, A. (2000). Language of politics. Routledge

Bramley, N. R. (2001). Pronouns of politics: The use of pronouns in the construction of ‘self’ and ‘other’ in political interviews. Doctoral dissertation, Monash University.

Brown, G. & Yule, G. (1983). Discourse analysis. Cambridge University Press.

Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Policy Press.

Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Longman.

Fairclough, N. & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, 2, 258-284.

Faiz, et al. (2020). The ideology of Trump in his speech about Jerulism: Faircluagh’s model of CDA. Diglossia, 4(1), 1-13.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1978). Language as a social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. Edvard Arlond Pess

Houda, M. (2016). A Critical Discourse Analysis of Hillary Clinton's Presidential Campaign. Master's thesis, Univerity of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis.

Huddleston, R. & Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge University Press.

Hussein, I. (2016). Critical discourse analysis of the political speech of the Egyptian president, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, at the new Suez Canal inauguration ceremony. International Journal of Language and Literature, 4(1), 85-106. https://doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v4n1a1

Kaewrungruang, K. & Yaoharee, O. (2018). The use of the personal pronoun in political discourse: A case study of the final 2016 United States presidential election debate. rEFLections, 25(1), 85-96. http://files.eric.ed.gov 

Mohammed Hasan, J. (2013). A linguistic analysis of in-group and out-group pronouns in Hosni Mubarak's speech. Journal of Basrah Researches (Humanities Series), 38(2), 5-24. https://www.iasj.net

 Muhammad Jasim, R. (2021). English personal pronouns as a manipulation strategy in political discourse: A critical discourse analysis. Journal of the College of Languages, 44, 1-20. http://jcolang.uobaghdad.edu.iq

Naghibzadeh Jalali, M. & Sadeghi, B. (2014). A critical discourse analysis of political speech of four candidates of Rasht city council elections in 2013, with a view to Fairclough approach. European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research Articles, 1(2), 8-18.  https://econpap ers.repec.org › RePEc:eur:ejserj:49

Shabani, M. & Habibzadeh, S. M. (2021). Critical discourse analysis of speeches of previous presidents of Islamic Republic of Iran at the United Nations General Assembly. Language Related Research, 12(4), 405-437. https://doi.org/10.29252/LRR.12.4.13

Sharififar, M. & Rahimi, E. (2015). Critical discourse analysis of political speeches: A case study of Obama's and Rouhani's speeches at UN. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(2), 343-349, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0502.14

Van Dijk, T. (1997). Political discourse and political cognition. Printed at Congress Political Discourse, Aston University.

Van Dijk. T. (2009). Society and discourse: How social contexts influence text and talk. Cambridge University Press.

Wodak, R. (1995). Critical linguistics and critical discourse analysis. In J. Verschueren, J.-O. Östman, & J. Blommaert (Eds.), Handbook of pragmatics (pp. 55-69). John Benjamins.