اثر دما روی رشد، طول عمر و میزان پارازیتیسمزنبور Closterocerus formosus (Hym.: Eulophidae) پارازیتوئید مگس مینوز برگ سبزی Liriomyza trifolii (Dip.: Agromyzidae)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی
شهرام حسامی
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هادی استوان
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ابراهیم ابراهیمی
3
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محمود شجاعی
4
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کریم کمالی
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کلید واژه: دما, temperature, طول عمر, Longevity, پارازیتیسم, parasitism, Closterocerus formosus, Liriomyza trifolii, مگس مینوز برگ سبزی, آستانه دمایی, روز-درجه, serpentine leafminer, threshold temperature, Degree-day,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق تاثیر دماهای مختلف (15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 درجه سلسیوس) بر طول دوره رشد (تخم تا خروج حشره کامل)، طول عمر حشره کامل ماده و میزان پارازیتیسم زنبور Closterocerus formosus Westwood به عنوان یکی از دشمنان طبیعی مهم مگس مینوز برگ سبزی Liriomyza trifolii (Burges) روی گیاه لوبیا (رطوبت 5 ± 60 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی) بررسی شد. با بالا رفتن دما طول دوره رشدی زنبور نیز کاهش می یابد به طوری که میانگین طول دوره رشدی زنبور از تخم تا خروج حشره کامل در دماهای مورد آزمایش به ترتیب 2/53، 6/27، 4/15، 6/9 و 2/7 روز بود. همین طور با افزایش دما متوسط طول عمر حشرات ماده بالغ کوتاه تر شدند. طول عمر زنبورهای ماده به ترتیب 27، 1/23، 4/22، 8/19 و 6/17 روز و تعداد میزبان های کشته شده (به وسیله پارازیتیسم و تغذیه از میزبان) به ترتیب 4/37، 8/197، 5/349، 4/324 و 5/296 عدد بدست آمد. رابطه بین دما و نرخ رشد پارازیتوئید با مدل رگرسیون خطی تطابق نشان داد. با استفاده از این مدل پائین ترین آستانه دمایی رشد زنبور 5/13درجه سلسیوس و نیاز دمایی از تخم تا ظهور حشره کامل 66/166 روز- درجه محاسبه گردید.
The effects of five constant temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 & 35 oC) on the development (egg to adult emergence), longevity of female and parasitism of eulophid wasp Closterocerus formosus Westwood, on the serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burges), was studied on bean. The developmental period was decreased as temperature increased and developmental duration from egg to adult emergence at constant experimental temperatures was 53.2, 27.6, 15.4, 9.6 and 7.2 days, respectively. Also the longevity of adult females decreased as temperature increased, and in the mentioned temperatures, female longevity determined as 27, 23.1, 22.4, 19.8 and 17.6 days. Accordingly, total numbers of host killed by the parasitoid (by parasitism and host killing) were 37.4, 197.8, 349.5, 324.4 and 296.5 at constant temperatures. The relationship between temperature and the developmental rate of the parasitoid well described by linear regression model. The lower threshold temperature was estimated to be 13.5 oC and degree-day requirement for egg-adult emergence was 166.66.
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