تأثیر ترشحات مایع خارج سلولی جدایه‌های‌ تریکودرما و Talaromyces flavus علیه قارچ Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici عامل بیماری پاخوره گندم

محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی

لیلا قنبری ¹ ()
صدیقه محمدی ² ()
لاله نراقی ³ ()

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/09/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/08/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/06/01

کلید واژه: Trichoderma, تریکودرما, Talaromyces flavus, ترشحات مایع خارج سلولی, پاخوره گندم, Extracellular fluid, Take-all,

چکیده مقاله :

بیماری پاخوره گندم ناشی ازGaeumannomyces graminis var. triticiدر سال‌های اخیر در نقاط مختلف ایران مشاهده شده است. در این تحقیق، به منظور بررسی امکان کنترل بیولوژیک بیمارگر هفت جدایه تریکودرماT. harzianum، T. harzianum A، T. harzianum M، T. harzianum، T. koningii، T. longibrachiatumوT. virens و چهار جدایه تالارومیسس، Talaromyces flavus 134، Talaromyces flavus 136، Talaromyces flavus 75 و Talaromyces flavus 60 علیه قارچ عامل بیماری در شرایط آزمایشگاه با شیوه ترشحات مایع خارج سلولی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. در بررسی تأثیر ترشحات مایع خارج سلولی جدایه‌‌های آنتاگونیست از رشد میسلیوم Ggt مشخص شد که ترشحات مایع جدایه های Talaromyces flavus 136، T. harzianumو T. harzianum S به میزان 5 میلی‌لیتر به ترتیب پس از گذشت 72 ساعت به میزان 51/41، ۴۰/۸۸ و ۳۷/۷۳ درصد و جدایه T. longibrachiatum به میزان 10 میلی‌لیتر در دو نوبت یادداشت‌برداری به میزان 83/۵۲و ۵۲/۳۸ درصد بیشترین تأثیر را در بازدارندگی از رشد میسلیوم بیمارگر داشته است. این تحقیق نخستین تحقیق در ارتباط با تأثیر بیوکنترلی جدایه های Talaromyces flavus روی بیماری پاخوره گندم بوده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Wheat take-all, caused by Gaemannomyces graminis var. tritici,has been observed in recent years in different areas of Iran. In this study, in order to investigate the possibility of biological control of pathogen, seven isolates Trichoderma include T. harzianum S, T. harzianum A, T. harzianum M, T. koningi, T. longibrachiatum and T. virens and four isolates of Talaromyces include Talaromyces flavus 134, Talaromyces flavus 136, Talaromyces flavus 75 and Talaromyces flavus 60 used against the pathogen by extracellular fluid method in vitro condition. The experiment was arranged as randomized complete design with 3 replication. The effect of extracellular fluid of antagonistic isolates on mycelia growth of Ggt indicated that the  extracellular fluid of Talaromyces flavus 136، T. harzianumand T. harzianum S isolates the rate of 5 ml after 72 hours of rate (41/51, 40/88 and 37/73 %) and  T. longibrachiatum isolate at rate of 10 ml at two times of measurement (52/83 and 52/38%) had the most inhibition effect on the growth of pathogen. This study has been the first study related to biological control of wheat take-all by T. flavus. 

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