تغییرات فصلی شپشک آردآلود Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) در تاکستان‌های منطقه جهرم
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی
مجید فلاح زاده
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نازیلا سقایی
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هادی استوان
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کلید واژه: Fars, فارس, Biology, زیست شناسی, تغییرات فصلی, شپشک آردآلود انگور, Planococcus ficus, Vine mealybug, Seasonal abundance,
چکیده مقاله :
شپشک آردآلود انگور Planococcus ficus (Signoret) یکی از آفات مهم انگور در سراسر دنیا بوده و در سال های اخیر خسارت این آفت در برخی از تاکستان های استان فارس افزایش یافته است. در سالهای 1387 و 1388 برخی از خصوصیات زیستی این شپشک در تاکستان های منطقه جهرم با استفاده از روش time-consuming examinationمورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بررسی تغییرات انبوهی شپشک آردآلود انگور نشان داد که این آفت در شرایط تاکستان های منطقه جهرم از ابتدای فروردین تا اواخر آبان ماه 5 نسل در سال دارد و از آبان ماه تا بهار سال بعد در تمام حالات زیستی (تخم، پوره های سنین مختلف و حشره کامل ماده) بر روی ریشه ها زمستان گذرانی می کند. جمعیت حشرات کامل و پوره های شپشک انگور در شرایط طبیعی از اردیبهشت ماه شروع به افزایش نموده و بعد از برداشت انگور در مرداد ماه کاهش چشمگیری نشان داد. جمعیت آفت در بهار بیشتر روی تنه درخت متمرکز بود و در تابستان علاوه بر روی تنه، بیشتر روی برگ، جوانه و میوه دیده شد.
The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) has been found in most grape-production areas throughout the world. The damage of the pest has increased on grape in some parts of Fars province-Iran during recent years. Some ecological aspects of vine mealybug were studied in vineyards in Jahrom during 2008-2009. Seasonal abundance of vine mealybugwas monitored by time-consuming examination technique. In geographical condition of Jahrom vineyards P. ficus has 5 generations of seasonal abundance from April to November. After fifth generation all stages of P. ficus (female adult, nymphal instars and egg) overwintered on root from late November to next March. Population density of female adult and nymphal instars increased rapidly in May and has a great decline after harvest in August. Vine mealybugs were found in trunk in spring, leaves, buds and fruit in summer, however, the mealybugs always were found in protected locations (under the bark of the trunk).
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