اثر ایمینواکتادین تریس و سولفور در کنترل بیماری سفیدک پودری خیار (Golovinomyces cichoracearum) در کشت‌های مزرعه
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی
حسین عظیمی
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کلید واژه: sulfur, ایمینواکتادین تریس, سولفور, جالیز, کاراتان, Iminoctadine Tris, Cucurbit, Karatane,
چکیده مقاله :
اثر قارچ‌کش های ایمینواکتادین تریس (بلکیوت® WP 40%) و سولفور (سولفولاک® WG 80%)در کنترل بیماری سفیدک پودری خیار با عامل Golovinomyces cichoracearum طی سال های 91-1390 در شرایط مزرعه در کرج بررسی شد. تیمارهای آزمایش‌های دوزهای مختلف بلکیوت و سولفولاک به عنوان قارچ کش های هدف و کاراتان (دینوکاپ® EC 35%) و سولفور (تیوویت® WG 80%) به عنوان قارچ‌کش‌های مرجع و تیمار شاهد بدون سم‌پاشی بودند. آزمایش‌ها با نه تیمار و چهار تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی اجرا شدند. برای هر کرت آزمایشی ده سطح فرضی به طور تصادفی انتخاب و شماره‌گذاری شد. سم‌پاشی کرت‌های آزمایشی با مشاهده اولین علائم بیماری آغاز و با فاصله 5، 7، 10 و 14 روز از هم تکرار گردید. سم‌پاشی تا رسیدن مقدار آلودگی تیمار شاهد به حداکثر آلودگی ممکن در الگوی هورسفال و بارات ادامه یافت. ارزیابی کرت‌های آزمایشی بر اساس شاخص شدت بیماری (DSI) و درصد پوشش بیماری (FPP) با قرار دادن هرکدام از سطوح فرضی در یکی از گروه‌های تعریف شده بر اساس الگوی اصلاح شده هورسفال و بارات قبل از هر سم پاشی و 14 روز بعد از آخرین سم پاشی انجام گرفت. میانگین سطوح فرضی برای هر کرت محاسبه شد. مساحت زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری و اثربخشی تیمارها نسبت به شاهد با استفاده از داده های پنج نوبت ارزیابی محاسبه شد. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی انجام و میانگین‌ها به طریق آزمون چند دامنه ای دانکن مقایسه شدند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب دو سال اختلاف معنی‌داری را بین تیمارها در سطوح 5 و 1درصد نشان داد. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تیمارهای ایمینواکتادین تریس 75/0 و یک کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین تاثیر را در کنترل بیماری داشته و توانسته اند بیماری را به ترتیب 46/89 و 74/90 درصد نسبت به شاهد بدون استفاده از قارچ کش کاهش دهند.
Efficacy of Iminoctadine Tris (Belkute® WP 40%) and Sulphur (Sulfolac® WG 80%) in controlling of cucumber powdery mildew disease agent (Golovinomyces cichoracearum) was studied at 2011-2012 in Karaj under field conditions. Treatments included different doses of Belkute and Sulfolac as the target and Karatane (Dinocap® EC 35%) and Sulphur (Thiovit® WG 80%) as the reference fungicides along with the no spraying control. Trials were done at Complete Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 4 replications. For each plot 10 supposed areas (50×50 Cm) selected randomly and labeled. Foliar application of fungicides were made at the onset of the early symptoms in the treated plots and followed until control plots got high infection at 5, 7, 10 and 14 days intervals. Assessment of the effects of treatments in terms of decreasing disease severity index (DSI) assigned by foliage protection percentage (FPP) was performed using modified Horsfall and Barrat method by giving 1-7 marks, before each spraying. The two final assessing was done with 14 days intervals after the last spraying. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and efficacy of treatments calculated compared to control using five separate disease assessments data. Analysis of variance done in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) for each assessments, AUDPC and efficacy by SAS software, and means were compared with Duncan multiple range tests. The results of analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences among treatments in DSI in all assessments, AUDPC and efficacy (P<0.05 and P<0.01) for two years. Comparison of the means showed that Belkute 0.75 and 1 kg/ha had the best effects in disease control and decreased disease as 89.46% and 90.74% compared to control respectively.
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