آلودگی مخلوط ویروس موزائیک هندوانه و ویروس موزاییک پیسک سبز خیار در گیاهان کدوییان
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکیزهره مرادی 1 , بهروز جعفرپور 2
1 -
2 -
کلید واژه: ویروس موزائیک هندوانه, ویروس موزاییک پیسک سبز خیار, آلودگی همزمان, اثر تشدید کننده, CGMMV, WMV, mixed infection, Synergism,
چکیده مقاله :
آلودگی مخلوط ویروس موزائیک هندوانه (WMV) و ویروس موزاییک پیسک سبز خیار (CGMMV) اثر تشدید کننده ای را نشان داد. آلودگی همزمان این دو ویروس در برخی گیاهان کدوییان از جمله هندوانه، خیار و طالبی سبب ایجاد واکنش های شدید بیماری زایی به همراه زردی، پژمردگی آوندی و در نهایت مرگ گیاهان شد. تجمع RNA ویروس CGMMV در آلودگی مخلوط با WMV تا حدی بیشتر از زمان آلودگی این ویروس به تنهایی بود. به علاوه سطح پروتئین پوششی ویروس CGMMV نیز در زمان آلودگی همزمان افزایش یافت. با این حال سطح RNA و پروتئین پوششی ویروس WMV افزایش قابل توجهی در آلودگی مخلوط نسبت به آلودگی انفرادی نشان نداد. آلودگی انفرادی هر یک از ویروسهای WMV و CGMMV سبب ایجاد علایمی از قبیل رگبرگ روشنی، تاولی، موزاییک سیستمیک یا پیسکی روی برگهای بالایی گیاهان کدوییان شد، ولی در زمان آلودگی مخلوط این دو ویروس همین علایم افزایش پیدا کرد و به صورت سینرژیک (تشدید کننده) نمایان گردید. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان می دهد که آلودگی همزمان دو ویروس WMV و CGMMV سبب ایجاد اثرات تشدید کننده می شود که این به نوبه خود می تواند سبب عواقب همه گیر شدن شود.
Mixed infections of cucurbits by Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) exhibit a synergistic interaction. Watermelon, cucumber and cantaloupe co-infected by the WMV and CGMMV displayed synergistic pathological responses, finally in some cases, progressing to vascular wilt and plant death. Accumulation of CGMMV RNAs in a mixed infection with WMV in some cucurbits was higher than infection with CGMMV alone. Moreover, the level of capsid protein from CGMMV increased in mixed infection. However, the level of WMV did not show any significantly increase in doubly versus singly infected plants. Single infections of WMV or CGMMV on the same hosts produced only vein clearing, blistering, systemic mosaic or mottling on the upper leaves and similar symptoms developed after double infection. It is concluded that co-infections with WMV and CGMMV displayed synergistic interaction which could have epidemiological consequence.
Anjos, J. R., Jarlfors, U. & Ghabrial, S. A. 1992. Soybean mosaic potyvirus enhances the titer of two comoviruses in dually infected soybean plants. Phytopathology, 82 : 1022-1027.
Ammar, E. D., Rodriguez-Cerezo, E., Shau, J.G. & Pirone, T.P. 1994. Association of virions and coat protein of tobacco vein mottling potyvirus with cylindrical inclusions in tobacco cells. Phytopathology, 84 : 520-524.
Barker, H. 1987. Invasion of non-phloem tissue in Nicotiana clevelandii by potato leafroll luteovirus is enhanced in plants also infected with potato Y potyvirus. Journal of General Virology, 68 : 1223-1227.
Bourdin, D. & Lecoq, H. 1994. Increase in cucurbit aphid-borne yellow virus concentration by co-infection with sap-transmissible viruses does not increase its aphid transmissibility. Journal of Phytopathology, 141 : 143-152.
Calvert, L. A., & Ghabrial, S. A. 1983. Enhancement by soybean mosaic virus of bean pod mottle virus titer in doubly infected soybean. Phytopathology, 73 : 992-997.
Choi, S. K., Yoon, J. Y., Ryu, K. H., Choi, J. K., Palukaitis, P. & Park, W. M. 2002. Systemic movement of a movement-deficient strain of Cucumber mosaic virus in zucchini squash is facilitated by a cucurbit-infecting potyvirus. Journal of General Virology, 83 : 3173–3178.
Cho, J.D. 1998. Ultrastructural aspects of watermelon necrosis disease caused by mixed infection with watermelon mosaic potyvirus and cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus. A thesis for the degree of Master of Science, Seoul National University, Korea.
Cho, J. D., Choi, H. S., Kim, J. S., La, Y. J. & Kim, K. S. 2000. Ultrastructural aspects of mixed infections with Watermelon mosaic potyvirus isolated from pumpkin and Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus from watermelon . Plant Pathology Journal, 16 : 216-221.
Clark, M. F. & Adams, A. M. 1977. Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of Virology Methods, 34 : 475-483.
Gil-Salas, F. M., Peters, J., Boonham, N., Cuadrado, I. M. & Janssen, D. 2011, Co-infection with Cucumber vein yellowing virus and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus leading to synergism in cucumber. Plant Pathology, 61 (3): 468-478.
Goldberg, K. B. & Brakke, M. K. 1987. Concentration of maize chlorotic mosaic virus increased in mixed infections with maize dwarf mosaic virus strain B. Phytopathology, 77 : 162-167.
Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., Smith, R. F., Valencia, J. & Farrar, C. A. 1996. Occurrence of mosaic viruses in melons in the central valley of California. Plant Disease, 80 : 1092-1097.
Hoffmann, K., Geske, S. M. & Moyer, J. W. 1998. Pathogenesis oftomato spotted wilt virus in peanut plants dually infected with peanut mottle virus. Plant Disease, 82 : 610-614.
Hunter, P. J., Jones, J. E. & Walsh, J. A. 2002. Involvement of Beet western yellows virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus, and Turnip mosaic virus in internal disorders of stored white cabbage. Phytopathology, 92 : 816–826.
Karyeija, R. F., Kreuze, J. F., Gibson, R. W. & Valkonen, J. P. T. 2000. Synergistic interactions of a potyvirus and a phloem-limited crinivirus in sweet potato plants. Virology, 269 : 26–36.
Kim, J. S., Cho, J. D., Choi, H. S. and Kim, K. S. 2000. Ultrastructural aspects of the mixed infections of Watermelon mosaic potyvirus and Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus isolated from watermelon. Plant PathologyJournal 16 : 211-215.
Luis-Arteaga, M., Alvarez, J. M., Alonso-Prados, J. L., Bernal, J. J., Garcia-Arenal, F., Lavina, A., Batlle, A. & Moriones, E. 1998. Occurrence, distribution, and relative incidence of mosaic viruses infecting field-grown melon in Spain. Plant Disease, 82 : 979-982.
Moradi, Z., Jafarpour, B. & Sabokkhiz. M. A. 2011. Nucleotide sequencing and symptomology of two new isolates of Watermelon mosaic virus from Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces. Journal of Plant Protection (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad) 25 (4) : 407-416 (in Persian with English abstract).
Moradi, Z. & Jafarpour, B. 2011. First Report of Coat Protein Sequence of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Cucumber Isolated from Khorasan in Iran. International Journal of Virology, 7 : 1-12.
Moreno, I. M., Thompsont J. R. & Garcı´a-Arenal F. 2004. Analysis of the systemic colonization of cucumber plants by Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Journal of General Virology, 85 : 749–759.
Poolpol, P. & Inouye, T. 1986. Enhancement of cucumber mosaic virus multiplication by zucchini yellow mosaic virus in doubly infected cucumber plants. Annual Phytopathological Society of Japan, 52 : 22-30.
Pruss, G., Ge, X., Shi, X. M., Carrington, J. C. & Vance, V. B. 1997. Plant viral synergism: The potyviral genome encodes a broad-range pathogenicity enhancer that transactivates replication of heterologous viruses. Plant Cell, 9 : 859-868.
Rochow, W. F. & Ross, A. F. 1955. Virus multiplication in plants doubly infected by potato viruses X and Y. Virology, 1, 10-27.
Sano, Y. & Kojima, M. 1989. Increase in cucumber mosaic virus concentration in Japanese radish plants co-infected with turnip mosaic virus. Annual Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55 : 296-302.
Savenkov E. I. & Valkonen J. P. T. 2001. Potyviral helper- component proteinase expressed in transgenic plants enhances titers of Potato leaf roll virus but does not alleviate its phloem limitation. Virology, 283 : 285–93.
Sambrook, J., Frisch, E. F. & Maniatis, T. 1989. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Saenz, P., Salvador, B., Simon-Mateo, C., Kasschau, K. D., Carrington, J. C. & Garca, J. A. 2002. Host-specific involvement of the HC protein in the long-distance movement of potyviruses. Journal of Virology, 76 : 1922–1931.
Sharifi, M., Massumi, H., Heydarnejad, J., Pour A. H., Shaabanian M. & Rahimian H. 2008. Analysis of the biological and molecular variability of Watermelon mosaic virus isolates from Iran. Virus Genes, 37 : 304-313.
Smith K. M. 1977. Plant Viruses. 6 th ed. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London. UK.
Vance, V. B. 1991. Replication of potato virus X RNA is altered in co-infections with potato virus Y. Virology, 182 : 486-494.
Vance, V. B., Berger, P. H., Carrington, J. C., Hunt, A. G., and Shi, X. M. 1995. 5′ Proximal potyviral sequences mediate potato virus X/potyviral synergistic disease in transgenic tobacco. Virology, 206 : 583-590.
Wang, Y., Lee, K. C., Gaba, V., Wong, S. M., Palukaitis, P. & Gal-On, A. 2004. Breakage of resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus by co-infection with Zucchini mosaic virus: enhancement of CMV accumulation independent of symptom expression. Archives of Virology, 149 : 379–396.
Wang, Y., Gaba, V., Yang, J., Palukaitis, P. & Gal-On, A. 2002. Characterization of synergy between Cucumber mosaic virus and potyviruses in cucurbit hosts. Phytopathology, 92 : 51–58.
