سنجش افتراقات فضایی تحقق حق به مشارکت و اختصاص دهی شهر به خود در پرتو اندیشه حق به شهر در شهر هچیرود- شهرستان چالوس

محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری

مجید سنایی ¹ (دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، گروه شهرسازی موسسه آموزش عالی کمال الملک نوشهر، نوشهر، ایران)
رضا وفادار سورکی ² (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایران)
کتایون عاطفی ³ (کارشناس ارشد مدیریت شهری، موسسه آموزش عالی کمال الملک نوشهر، نوشهر، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/11/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/12/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/01/01

کلید واژه: شهر هچیرود, شهر کوچک, شهروند, حق به شهر,

چکیده مقاله :

شهر فضایی برای تحقق آمال کسانی است که دیار خود را ترک گفته و به امید یافتن زندگی بهتر، به آن وارد می شوند. دست یازیدن به اهدافی که شهروندان در پی آن هستند به عنوان حق آنها در شهر و تحت عناوین مختلفی قلمداد می گردد که حق به شهر یکی از مشهورترین آنهاست. بررسی ها نشان می دهد که حق به شهر در همه شهرها (با هر میزان وسعت و جمعیت) و نیز در هر منطقه و ناحیه از شهر به صورت یکسان نبوده و افراد مختلف ساکن در شهرهای مختلف و یا نواحی مختلف شهری، شرایط متفاوتی را تجربه می کنند. پژوهش حاضر به دنبال افتراقات فضایی تحقق حق به مشارکت شهروندان و حق اختصاص دهی شهر به خود در پرتو اندیشه حق به شهر در شهر هچیرود از توابع شهرستان چالوس به عنوان شهری کوچک و در عین حال متشکل از ده محله مختلف می باشد تا میزان دستیابی به مفاهیم مذکور را تبیین نماید. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش توصیفی _تحلیلی و پیمایشی است. روش جمع آوری داده ها به دو صورت کتابخانه ای و میدانی است. هم چنین ابزار گرد آوری داده ها شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته (آلفای کرونباخ این پرسشنامه برابر 0.911 است که نشان از پایایی درونی عالی داشته) و مصاحبه از شهروندان شهر هچیرود است.جامعه آماری پژوهش شهروندان این شهر (طبق سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن در سال 1395 برابر 10398) و نمونه آماری، بر اساس فرمول کوکران شامل 370 نفر از شهروندان شهر هچیرود است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون دو جمله ای صورت پذیرفته و همچنین، در راستای ترسیم نقشه ها از نرم افزار Arc GIS استفاده شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که محلات مرکزی، جنوبی و شرقی شهر هچیرود به دلیل دسترسی بهتر به مراکز اداری، فضاهای عمومی و خدماتی شهر، تنوع بیشتر مراکز خدماتی، کیفیت بالاتر معابر و نزدیکی به مراکز حمل و نقل عمومی از شرایط بهتری نسبت به سایر محله ها برخوردار هستند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Spatial city is to satisfy the dreams of those who have left their own hometowns and enter it in pursuit of better life. Striving to attain their desired aims is the right of citizens of any city, the most well-known of them being the right to city. Studies show that the right to city has never been balanced in all cities (with any area and population) and in any region or part of a city. Different people living in various cities or city parts experience different situations. Thus, the present study looks for spatial differences of realization of right to participation and assigning the city to self in light of the notion of right to city in Hachirood which is a small town comprised of 10 neighborhoods in order to determine the extent to which these concepts are realized. The present study is applied and in terms of nature it is descriptive-analytical and survey. Data collection is based on both library and field methods. The instruments of data collection were a researcher-made questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.911) and interviews with citizens of Hachirood. Population of the study consists of all citizens (n= 10398) and the sample included 370 individuals in accordance with Cochran’s formula. Analysis of the data was conducted by using SPSS and binomial test. Also, for drawing the maps, Arc GIS software was utilized. Results show that central, southern and eastern neighborhoods of Hachirood enjoy better conditions in comparison with other neighborhoods because of more convenient accessibility to administrative centers, public and service spaces, higher variety of service centers, better roads and closeness to public transportation system.Extended AbstractIntroduction:         Spatial city is to satisfy the dreams of those who have left their own hometowns and enter it in pursuit of better life. Striving to attain their desired aims is the right of citizens of any city, the most well-known of them being the right to city. Studies show that the right to city has never been balanced in all cities (with any area and population) and in any region or part of a city. Different people living in various cities or city parts experience different situations. Thus, the present study looks for spatial differences of realization of right to participation and assigning the city to self in light of the notion of right to city in Hachirood which is a small town comprised of 10 neighborhoods in order to determine the extent to which these concepts are realized.Methodology:      The present study is applied and in terms of nature it is descriptive-analytical and survey. Data collection is based on both library and field methods. The instruments of data collection were a researcher-made questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.911) and interviews with citizens of Hachirood. Population of the study consists of all citizens (n= 10398) and the sample included 370 individuals in accordance with Cochran’s formula. Analysis of the data was conducted by using SPSS and binomial test. Also, for drawing the maps, Arc GIS software was utilized.Results and discussion:       In order to investigate the realization of right of city in Hachirood, first of all, the town was divided into four planning sections and then indexes of right of city in each of the sections were compared. Division of the town was performed by the researchers and included the central section (central Hachirood), western section (Noorsar, Kiakola, Mesedeh), eastern section (Emamrood, Doojman, Abbaskala), and the southern part (Hartehkala, Akbarabad, Chakhani). Examination of the planning areas in Hachrood in terms of fulfillment of right to participation and self0assignment demonstrate that the central part has the best situation regarding the index of right to participation. It seems that the central section with its administrative centers such as the municipality, banks, and other institutes, and the southern section with inhabitants with longer records of living in Hachirood, enjoy higher averages in comparison with their counterparts. Moreover, considering the self-assignment index, the central section is in the best situation. Apparently, the central and eastern parts have higher averages than other sections because of better availability of public and service spaces, variety of service centers, higher quality of roads and closeness to public transportation system. Also, recapitulation of items representing right to participation and self-assignment of city in notions of right to city in Hachirood showed that on average, the number of items with below -average values outnumbered the items with above-average values.Conclusion:      From the results, it can be inferred that small towns, in spite of efforts to attain social justice for citizens, have been unable to fulfill their inhabitants’ rights due to multitude of reasons. Acoording to the present study, closeness to city center and urban services enhances participation of citizens and subsequently, their satisfaction with amenities and services encourage them to further take part in urban affairs. Additionally, such citizens are happier with urban management and performance owing to increased enjoyment of urban services. On the contrary, those who are farther from city center or live in far reaching neighborhoods enjoy less and as a result, minimize their public contribution to urban affairs. However, in larger scales, this is a recurring theme in almost all small towns. In these towns, citizens have limited access to amenities and generally speaking, right to city remains unfulfilled for them. All in all, results suggest that central, southern and eastern parts are in better conditions because they have access to administrative centers, public and service spaces, variety of service centers and quality of the roads and also, closeness to public transportation systems.

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