نقش و جایگاه زنان مغول در دوره ایلخانی
محورهای موضوعی : ادبیات فارسی
صبریه محمدی
1
(کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تاریخ_تاریخ ایران اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، همدان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: دوره ایلخانی, زنان مغول,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش و جایگاه زنان مغول در دوره ایلخانی بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه کتاب های تاریخی مربوط به زنان مغول می‌باشد. نمونه مورد پژوهش متون مربوط به جایگاه زنان در دوره ایلخانی بود. روش پژوهش توصیفی ـ تاریخی بود. یافته ها بر اساس مطالعات اسنادی وکتابخانه ای انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که، زنان مغول به لحاظ زیست قبیله‌ای‌خود، همواره در کنار مردان و دوشادوش آنان کار می‌کردند. زنان ایلخانی در سیاست و کشورداری شرکت مستقیم و حضور فعال داشتند و در میدان‌های نبرد همواره در کنار مردان می‌جنگیدند و به هنگام صلح در تولید کالاهای مادی به اندازه مردان فعال بودند. زنان مغول علاوه بر این که رسماً نایب‌السلطنه و یا فرمانروا بودند در مواقع دیگر نیز در امور دولت دخالت می‌کردند و به تناسب شخصیت‌شان در این راه نفوذ می‌یافتند. زنان ایلخانی نقش پررنگی را در مقام‌هایی چون سفیر در سفرهای داخلی و خارجی ایفا می‌نمودند. هم‌چنین زیبایی و احترام به پاکدامنی و نجابت زن در نزد مغولان بسیار مشهود بود. زنان مغول به‌طور عام عفیف و در همراهی با همسر خود بردبار بودند. موقعیت ممتازی که زنان مغول داشتند، سبب شد که در قانون‌گذاری آنان انعکاس یابد. در دوران مغول جهیزیه بسیار مهم بود. از دیدگاه قانون، جهیزیه حقوق مادی زن محسوب می‌شد و میان اغلب خانواده‌های ایلخانی به عنوان معیار تعیین شأن دختران جوان در نظر گرفته می‌شد. جهاز یکی از مواردی است که جایگاه والای زنان را در بین جامعه نشان می‌داد.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and position of Mongol women on the Ilkhanate era. The research universe included all historical books related to Mongolian women. The research sample subsumed the texts regarding to the position of women in the Ilkhanate era. The research method was descriptive-historical. The findings obtained based on documentary and library studies. The results showed that Mongolian women, in terms of their tribal lifestyle, always worked alongside with the men and side by side with them. The Ilkhani women had a direct participation and active presence in politics and state affairs and always fought alongside with the men in the battlefields and were as active as men in the production of material goods during peacetime. In addition to being officially regents or rulers, Mongol women also interfered in government affairs at other times and gained influence in this way according to their personality. Ilkhani women played a prominent role in positions such as ambassadors in domestic and abroad trips. Also, beauty and respect for chastity and decency of women were very evident in the eyes of the Mongols. Mongol women were generally chaste and tolerant with their husbands. The privileged position of Mongol women caused it to be reflected in their legislation. Dowry was very important during the Mughal era. From the point of view of the law, dowry was considered a woman's ownership rights and among most of the Ilkhanate families, it was considered as a criterion for determining the dignity of young girls. Garment is one of the things that showed the high status of women in the society.
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