واکاوی سیر تحول عناصر محتوایی غزل و شعر زنان معاصر ایران
محورهای موضوعی : ادبیات فارسیحسین سلیمی 1 , علی محمد محمودی 2
1 - دانشگاه خلیج فارس بوشهر، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، بوشهر، ایران.
2 - دانشگاه سلمان فارسی کازرون، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، کازرون، ایران.
کلید واژه: شعر, تحول غزل, زنان شاعر معاصر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر واکاوی سیر محتوایی تحول غزل و شعر زنان معاصر ایران می‌باشد. جامعه مورد بررسی شعر و غزل زنان از عهد مشروطه تا آغاز دهۀ نود معاصر است. نمونه پژوهش شعر ژاله قایم مقامی، شعر و غزل سیمین بهبهانی و فروغ فرخزاد بود. طرح پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی و گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق کتابخانه ای و منابع پژوهشی دیجیتالی انجام شد. برای تحلیل از شیوه جریان‌شناسی شخصیت محور محتوای غزل زنان و سیر مهم‌ترین تحولات آن در بستر تاریخ معاصر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، کلیت و کیفیت شعر زنان در این دوره رو به کمال بود. غزل زنان ایران معاصر، پس از غزل سیمین بهبهانی و فروغ فرخزاد به سمت افق‌های نو و آزاداندیشانه ای حرکت کرده است که از میان جریان‌های فکری درون فرهنگی و برون فرهنگی ایران، دو نوع غزل متعهد، اجتماع‌محور و غزل پست مدرن و گاه نیز غزل زبان‌گرای ساختارشکن بیشترین سهم را دارد. غزل زنان نیز هم چون شعر آزاد نیمایی مجال بروز عواطف زنانه را یافته و غزل از حالت کلاسیک و یک صدایی به جریان‌ها و صداهای متعددی وارد شده است. مطالعۀ غزل زنان در این صدسال یعنی مطالعۀ صدسال جامعه‌شناختی شعر زنان و به تبع آن جامعه ایرانی است.
The present study aim was to investigate the evolution of the content of lyric poetry in contemporary Iranian women lyrics works. The studied universe was the poetess lyric poetry from the Constitutional Era to the beginning of the contemporary nineties decade. The sample of the study was the lyrics poetry of Jaleh Ghaem Maghami, the poetry and the lyrics of Simin Behbahani and Forough Farrakhzad. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection was done through the library and digital research resources. To analyze the data, personality-centered trend methodology of the content of poetess's lyric poetry and its significant developments in the context of contemporary history were applied. The results showed that the totality and quality of women's poetry in this period were evolved progressively. The lyric poetry of contemporary Iranian women, after the lyric poetry of Simin Behbahani and Forough Farakhzad, had moved towards new and freethinking horizons. Among the intra-cultural and extra-cultural currents of thought in Iran, two types of committed lyric poetry, community-oriented and postmodern lyric poetry, and sometimes deconstructed linguistic lyric poetry, had the largest share. Women's lyric poetry, like Nimai's free verses, had found the opportunity to express feminine emotions, and the lyric poetry, entered into various currents and polyphonic from the classical and monophonic state. The study of women's lyric poetry in the late hundred years meant the hundred-year sociological study of women's poetry and, consequently, Iranian society.
Abedi, K. (2000). Ghazal song, study of the life and works of Simin Behbahani. Tehran: Nader. [Persian] URL: URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1168830.
Ahmadi, P. (2005). Women's poetry from the beginning to today. Tehran: Cheshmeh. [Persian] URL: http://www.cheshmeh.ir.
Ashuri, D. (2005). Ashuri, Daryush. Poetry and Thought. First ed. Tehran: Markaz. [Persian] https://www.gisoom.com/book/1355470.
Ataie-e Ashtiani, Z. (2006). Aesthetics in the Gender Analysis of Feminism. Strategic Studies of Women, 32(1), 166-201. [Persian] URL: https://www.noormags.ir/view/ar/articlepage/172172
Bashiri, A. A. (2011). New lyric: A study and analysis of new lyric in contemporary literature. Tehran: Nasal Aftab Publications. [Persian] https://www.gisoom.com/book/1744155.
Behbahani, S. (1973). Rastakhiz. Tehran: Zavvar. [Persian] URL: https://www.iketab.com/%
Behbahani, S. (1983). Dasht Arjan. Tehran: Zavvar. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/138188/
Davoodi Moghadam, F., & Zolfaghari, A. (2016). The Identity of Women in Modern and Post-Modern Poetry; Highlighting the Sociological and Epistemological causes. Lyrical Literature of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, 14(26), 59-78. [Persian] URL: https://jllr.usb.ac.ir/article_2571_ee35b582b862b5d1a4c72d395e335e2a.pdf.
Hejazi, B. (2004). Internal tazkereh: description of the life and poetry of female poets in the Qajar to the first Pahlavi era. Tehran: Qasidesara Publications. URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11081677
Farokhzad, F. (2000). Poetry Diwan of Forough. 2th ed. Tehran: Pol. [Persian] URL: https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9646935346.
Hedayatifard. N. (2008). Foundation of Protection of Works of Sacred Defense. This Infinite Description (Songs of Red Oak): Selected Poems of Sixteenth National Congress of Poetry of Sacred Defense, 2th vol. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1725233
Ghaem Maghami, J. (1967). Diwan of Jhaleh Ghaem Maghami. With introduction by Pejman Bakhtiari. Tehran: Ibn Sina Publications. [Persian]. https://ketabnak.com/book/79940/
Karachi, R. (1995). Female thinkers of constitutional poetry. Tehran: Al-Zahra University Press. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1248830/
Khajat, B. (2013). Female poetry, the role of female poets in Iranian poetry today. Journal Women and Culture, 5(15), 9-20. URL: http://jwc.iauahvaz.ac.ir/
Moradi, M. (2010).. The ontology of Ghazals in Fars. Shiraz: Persian Studies Foundation. [Persian] https://www.gisoom.com/book/11514704/
Mousavi, S. M. (2010). An essay book about Ghazals, Tehran: Pars book. [Persisn]. URL: https://dehlinks.ir/fa/book/poetry/book/13810/
Rashidi, M,. & Hana, M. (2019). A Study of Femininity in Contemporary Women's Ghazals (Case Study: Najmeh Zare, Kobra Mousavi, Pantea Safaei); Journal of Linguistic Language and Literature Studies. Islamic Azad University and Ahad Najafabad, 9(31), 19-32. [Persian] URL: http://lyriclit.iaun.ac.ir/article_668916_0386beea48d1dffa9a933686d4dd7e98.pdf.
Ruzbeh, M. R. (2000). Evolution of persian Ghazal from constitutional era to the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Tehran: Rozaneh. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1170568/
Salimi Kouchi, E., & Shafiee, S. (2014). Adaptive reading of two novels of I turn the lights off and the forbidden notebook based on the theory of ‘feminine perspective in feminine writings. Studies of Adaptive Literature, 2(1), 57-78. [Persian] URL: http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20141211113952-9930-26.pdf.
Shafiee Kadkani, M. (2008). With lights and mirrors: In search of the roots of evolution of contemporary persian poetry. 2th ed. Tehran: Sokhan. [Persian]. URL: https://taaghche.com/book/61196/
Shahsavaran, S. (2013). Iranian poetry of today. Tehran: Nimaj Publishing. [Persian]. URL: https://www.ketaab24.com/book/.
Soleimani, F. (1992). More fertile than spring (critique of Iranian Women's Poetry). Tehran: Doniaye Madar. [Persian]. URL: https://www.eliteraturebook.com/books/view/13803/
Taheri, Gh. (2014). Call in call: Classification, Criticism, and Analysis of Contemporary Iranian Poetry Currents from 1978 to 2001. Tehran: Scientific Publications. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1995502/
Tayyib, M. (2015). Modernism and post-modernism in today's Ghazal of Iran. Tehran: Green Olive Publishing. [Persian] URL: https://literaturelib.com/books/2775/
Vaidi, R. (2008). Poetry; It was the same tomorrow magazine. Postmodern Ghazal Quarterly, 3(1), 76-88. [Persian] URL: https://hamedtanha.blogsky.com/1394/04/22/
Yavari, H. (2009). Persian stories and tale of modernity in Iran. Tehran: Sokhan. [Persisn] URL: https://www.iranketab.ir/book/42593-
Zarghani, M. (2015(. An overview of contemporary poetry of Iran in 20th century. 2th ed., Tehran: Sales. [Persisn] URL: https://www.iranketab.ir/book/22042-
Zarrinkub, A. H. )1992). Poetry without lies, poetry without disguise. Tehran: Sokhan. [Persisn] URL: https://www.iranketab.ir/book/5598-
Zaruni, Q. (2020). Femininity in the sonnet; A reflection on the characteristics and elements of contemporary women's lyric poetry. Journal of Contemporary Persian Literature, 10(1), 175-210. [Persisn]URL:https://contemporarylit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_5407_9ad4c4eb223f7eb08710e504b7d1df9a.pdf.
_||_