مروری بر منشاء و مسیریابی جغرافیایی ریزگردها و راهکارهای مقابله با آن در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : کاربرد GIS&RS در برنامه ریزی
1 - . استادیار دانشکده کویر شناسی دانشگاه سمنان
کلید واژه: خاورمیانه, اثرات زیست محیطی, ریزگرد, کانون گرد غبار,
چکیده مقاله :
ایران وخاورمیانه در کمربند خشک جهان قرار گرفته اند. کشور ما به سبب شرایط اقلیمی و جغرافیایی، مستعد رخداد توفان گرد و غبار است.خشکسالی، ناامنی و جنگ ،فقدان پوشش گیاهی، ناپایداری جوی در صحراهای همجوار و انتقال افقی و قائم ذرات گرد و خاک و تشدید آن بدلیل دخل و تصرف های بی رویه موجب اثرات سوئی بر زیست بیوم ،سلامتی، بهداشت، تولید، حمل و نقل، گردشگری ،تشدید آلودگی ها، افزایش مهاجرت و مواردی از این قبیل شده است. این تحقیق درصدد است که با روش جمع آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه ای و با بهره گیری از داده ها ، نقشه ها و تحلیل فضایی و جغرافیایی به شناخت و تصویر مناسبی از وضعیت جغرافیای پدیده ریزگرد از لحاظ منشاء و مسیر کانون ایجاد آن برسد. سپس با استفاده از این اطلاعات به تحلیل فضایی و ریشه یابی منشاء داخلی و خارجی ریزگردها بپردازد. لذا در این مقاله با روش مروری و توصیفی به بررسی مسیر و کانون ریزگرد ابتدا در خارج از مرزهای کشور همچون بررسی مسیر عراق ، سوریه و شبه جزیره عربستان و سپس منطقه شمال شرق یعنی آسیای میانه و کشور ترکمنستان و جنوب شرق کشور پاکستان با استفاده از جمع اوری نقشه و پهنه بندی مرتبط پرداخته شد و سپس به بررسی منشاء داخلی در جهت های جغرافیایی اصلی پدیده ریزگرد و گردغبار از کانون های داخلی کشور پرداخته شد، این پدیده در تمام سال رخ می دهد اما فراوانی وقوع و اثر منفی اش و کیفیت بدتر هوا در فصل گرم بویژه تابستان و ماه های تیر و مرداد بیشتردیده می شود . که دلیل آن تواتر ورود گرد غبار از کشور عراق و ناپایداری جوی صحرای حجاز ،کاهش رطوبت هوا ،خشکسالی ، استفاده بی رویه از منابع آبی و منابع طبیعی ، افزایش دما و سرعت و جهت باد و و خشک شدن تالابها و سوء مدیریت است ریزگرد پیامد های مختلفی در ابعاد اقتصادی ،اجتماعی ، سیاسی،زیست محیطی . ونهادی و سازمانی در پی دارد که از نتایج تحقیق ذکر تعدادی از این پیامدها و راهکارهای مقابله با آن است
Iran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical transfer of dust particles and its intensification due to intrusion and occupation The practice has had adverse effects on the ecosystem, health, health, production, transportation, tourism, increased pollution, increased migration, and the like. This research intends to use the method of collecting library information and using data, maps and spatial and geographical analysis to get a proper knowledge and picture of the geographical status of the fine dust phenomenon in terms of origin and direction of its creation. Then, using this information, to analyze the space and find the root of the internal and external origin of fine dust. Therefore, in this article, with a review and descriptive method, the route and the dust center are first examined outside the country, such as Iraq, Syria and the Arabian Peninsula, and then the Northeast region, Central Asia, Turkmenistan and southeast Pakistan using The map and related zoning were collected and then the internal origin in the main geographical directions of the dust and dust phenomenon from the interior of the country was studied. This phenomenon occurs throughout the year, but the frequency of occurrence and its negative effect and worse air quality It is more common in hot seasons, especially in summer and July and August. This is due to the frequent influx of dust from Iraq and the instability of the Hijaz desert climate, declining air humidity, drought, excessive use of water and natural resources, increasing temperature and speed and wind direction, and drying of wetlands and mismanagement. Various in economic, social, political, environmental dimensions. There is an institution and organization that mentions some of these consequences and strategies to deal with it from the research results.
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