مروری بر منشاء و مسیریابی جغرافیایی ریزگردها و راهکارهای مقابله با آن در ایران

محورهای موضوعی : کاربرد GIS&RS در برنامه ریزی

حمید خیر الدین ¹ (. استادیار دانشکده کویر شناسی دانشگاه سمنان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/05/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/06/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01

کلید واژه: خاورمیانه, اثرات زیست محیطی, ریزگرد, کانون گرد غبار,

چکیده مقاله :

ایران وخاورمیانه در کمربند خشک جهان قرار گرفته اند. کشور ما به سبب شرایط اقلیمی و جغرافیایی، مستعد رخداد توفان گرد و غبار است.خشکسالی، ناامنی و جنگ ،فقدان پوشش گیاهی، ناپایداری جوی در صحراهای همجوار و انتقال افقی و قائم ذرات گرد و خاک و تشدید آن بدلیل دخل و تصرف های بی رویه موجب اثرات سوئی بر زیست بیوم ،سلامتی، بهداشت، تولید، حمل و نقل، گردشگری ،تشدید آلودگی ها، افزایش مهاجرت و مواردی از این قبیل شده است. این تحقیق درصدد است که با روش جمع آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه ای و با بهره گیری از داده ها ، نقشه ها و تحلیل فضایی و جغرافیایی به شناخت و تصویر مناسبی از وضعیت جغرافیای پدیده ریزگرد از لحاظ منشاء و مسیر کانون ایجاد آن برسد. سپس با استفاده از این اطلاعات به تحلیل فضایی و ریشه یابی منشاء داخلی و خارجی ریزگردها بپردازد. لذا در این مقاله با روش مروری و توصیفی به بررسی مسیر و کانون ریزگرد ابتدا در خارج از مرزهای کشور همچون بررسی مسیر عراق ، سوریه و شبه جزیره عربستان و سپس منطقه شمال شرق یعنی آسیای میانه و کشور ترکمنستان و جنوب شرق کشور پاکستان با استفاده از جمع اوری نقشه و پهنه بندی مرتبط پرداخته شد و سپس به بررسی منشاء داخلی در جهت های جغرافیایی اصلی پدیده ریزگرد و گردغبار از کانون های داخلی کشور پرداخته شد، این پدیده در تمام سال رخ می دهد اما فراوانی وقوع و اثر منفی اش و کیفیت بدتر هوا در فصل گرم بویژه تابستان و ماه های تیر و مرداد بیشتردیده می شود . که دلیل آن تواتر ورود گرد غبار از کشور عراق و ناپایداری جوی صحرای حجاز ،کاهش رطوبت هوا ،خشکسالی ، استفاده بی رویه از منابع آبی و منابع طبیعی ، افزایش دما و سرعت و جهت باد و و خشک شدن تالابها و سوء مدیریت است ریزگرد پیامد های مختلفی در ابعاد اقتصادی ،اجتماعی ، سیاسی،زیست محیطی . ونهادی و سازمانی در پی دارد که از نتایج تحقیق ذکر تعدادی از این پیامدها و راهکارهای مقابله با آن است

چکیده انگلیسی:

Iran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical transfer of dust particles and its intensification due to intrusion and occupation The practice has had adverse effects on the ecosystem, health, health, production, transportation, tourism, increased pollution, increased migration, and the like. This research intends to use the method of collecting library information and using data, maps and spatial and geographical analysis to get a proper knowledge and picture of the geographical status of the fine dust phenomenon in terms of origin and direction of its creation. Then, using this information, to analyze the space and find the root of the internal and external origin of fine dust. Therefore, in this article, with a review and descriptive method, the route and the dust center are first examined outside the country, such as Iraq, Syria and the Arabian Peninsula, and then the Northeast region, Central Asia, Turkmenistan and southeast Pakistan using The map and related zoning were collected and then the internal origin in the main geographical directions of the dust and dust phenomenon from the interior of the country was studied. This phenomenon occurs throughout the year, but the frequency of occurrence and its negative effect and worse air quality It is more common in hot seasons, especially in summer and July and August. This is due to the frequent influx of dust from Iraq and the instability of the Hijaz desert climate, declining air humidity, drought, excessive use of water and natural resources, increasing temperature and speed and wind direction, and drying of wetlands and mismanagement. Various in economic, social, political, environmental dimensions. There is an institution and organization that mentions some of these consequences and strategies to deal with it from the research results.

منابع و مأخذ:

ETV. 2002.Reports of 3-Month Test of Dust Suppression Products, Preliminary Testing

RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC and Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO. November. http://etv.rti.org/apct/documents.cfm

 

3.ETV. 2003Test/QA Plan for Testing of Dust Suppressant Products at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri,Rev 3 dated July 24, 2003. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, C and Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO. http://etv.rti.org/apct/documents.cfm

 

Albugami, S.; Palmer, S.; Cinnamon, J.; Meersmans, J. Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Incidence of Dust Storms in Saudi Arabia Revealed from In Situ Observations. Geosciences 2019, 9, 162.

 

4.ETV. 2003. Test/QA Plan for Testing of Dust Suppressant Products at Maricopa County, Arizona,Rev 3 dated July 24, 2003. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, C and Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO. http://etv.rti.org/apct/documents.cfm

Al-Yahyai, Sultan & Charabi, Yassine. (2014). Trajectory Calculation As Forecasting Support Tool For Dust Storms. Advances in Meteorology. 2014. 10.1155/2014/698359.

 

 Gao, T.; Han, J.; Wang, Y.; Pei, H., and Lu, Sh., (2011), Impacts of climate abnormality on remarkable dust storm increase of the Hunshdak Sandy Lands in northern China during 2001˚2008, Meteorological Applications, pp 265-278.

Kais J. Al-Jumaily, Morwa K. Ibrahim,Analysis of synoptic situation for dust storms in Iraq, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTVolume 4, Issue 5, 2013 pp.851-858

Mehdi Hamidi, Mohammad Reza Kavianpour, Yaping Shao(2017)Numerical simulation of dust events in the Middle East

Kaskaoutis, D.G.; Francis, D.; Rashki, A.; Chaboureau, J.-P.; Dumka, U.C. Atmospheric Dynamics from Synoptic to Local Scale During an Intense Frontal Dust Storm over the Sistan Basin in Winter 2019. Geosciences 2019, 9, 453.

Hadi GERIVANI1, Gholam Reza LASHKARIPOUR1, Mohammad GHAFOORI1 & Nader JALALI(2011) THE SOURCE OF DUST STORM IN IRAN: A CASE STUDY BASED ON Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, February 2011, Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 297 – 308

 

Zoljoodi, Mojtaba & Didevarasl, Ali & Saadatabadi, Abbas. (2013). Dust Events in the Western Parts of Iran and the Relationship with Drought Expansion over the Dust-Source Areas in Iraq and Syria. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences. 03. 321-336. 10.4236/acs.2013.33034.

GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION AND RAINFALL DATA O. Alizadeh‐Choobari P. Ghafarian E. Owlad(2016). Temporal variations in the frequency and concentration of dust events over Iran based on surface observationsVolume36, Issue430 March Pages 2050-2062

Hui Cao ,Farshad Amiraslani d, Jian Liub, Na Zhoue,(2015) Identification of dust storm source areas in West Asia using multiple environmental datasets Science of the Total Environment 502 (2015) 224–235

 

CAO Hui1LIU JianWANG Guizhou, YANG Guang4, LUO Lei3,(2015)Identification of sand and dust storm source areasin Iran J Arid Land 7(5): 567–578

 Ali D Boloorani, Seyed O Nabavi, Hosain A Bahrami, Fardin Mirzapour, Musa Kavosi Esmail Abasiand Rasoul Azizi(2014)Investigation of dust storms entering WesternIran using remotely sensed data and synopticanalysis. al. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering2014,12:124

E. Fattahia*, K. Noohia, H. Shiravand (2012) Study of Dust Storm Synoptical Patterns in Southwest of Iranو DESERTOnline at http://jdesert.ut.ac.irDESERT 17 (2012) 49-55

Indoitu, R. Orlovsky, L. Orlovsky N., (2012), Dust storms in Central Asia: Spatial and temporal variations, Journal of Arid Environments, Volume 85, Pages 62-70.

  The variation of chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 and formation causes during two haze pollution events in urban Beijing, ChinaOriginal Research ArticleAtmospheric Environment, Volume 107, April 2015, Pages 1-8

AtefehZiyaeeaAlirezaKarimiaDaniel .HirmasbMartinKehlcAmirLakzianaHosseinKhademidDavid B.Mechem(2018). Spatial and temporal variations of airborne dust fallout in Khorasan RazaviProvince,Northeastern Iran Geoderma.Volume 326, 15 September 2018, Pages 42-55

Jiajia Gao, Hezhong Tian, Ke Cheng, Long Lu, Mei Zheng, Shuxiao Wang, Jiming Hao, Kun Wang, Shenbing Hua, Chuanyong Zhu, Yong Wa

Karagulian, F., Temimi, M., Ghebreyesus, D. et al.(2019) Analysis of a severe dust storm and its impact on air quality conditions using WRF-Chem modeling, satellite imagery, and ground observations. Air Qual Atmos Health 12, 453–470 (2019)

Analysis of China’s Haze Days in the Winter Half-Year and the Climatic Background during 1961–2012  Advances in Climate Change Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-6  Lian-Chun Song, Gao Rong, Li Ying, Wang Guo-Fu

Analysis of dust distribution in silo during axial filling using computational fluid dynamics: Assessment on dust explosion likelihood.  Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Volume 96, July 2015, Pages 14-21S.I. Rani, B.A. Aziz, J. Gimbun

Seyed Omid NabaviaL eopoldHaimberger ,CyrusSamimi(2016)Climatology of dust distribution over West Asia from homogenized remote sensing data. Aeolian ResearchVolume 21,  Pages 93-107

-Nibodh Boddupalli,  Gurveer Singh,  Laltu Chandra,  Bibek Bandyopadhyay,2017. Reprint of: Dealing with dust – Some challenges and solutions for enabling solar energy in desert regions.  Energy Volume 154, 15 September 2017, Pages 134-43

http://www.gilamard.com/?p=856

http://darram.blogfa.com/post-7.aspx

http://kamyabi56.blogfa.com

http://www.shoratehran.ir/home/content/3885

http://news.mrud.ir/news/

http://www.irinn.ir

http://reezgard.blogfa.com

http://www.goes-r.gov/users/comet/EUMETSAT/at_dust/print_3.htm

http://mohammaddarvish.com/desert/archives/2156

http://hoomankhakpour.blogfa.com/post-196.aspx

see.ir/FileForDownload/files/Paper-Dr_%20Shoaei.pdF

https://gsi.ir/file/download/page/1588056697-aerosol-map-of-iran.jpg