The interpretation of Dumuzid’s dream from perspective of Jung’spsychology
محورهای موضوعی : Art
Mandana Mahmoodi
1
,
Bita Sodaei
2
,
rouhollah Yosefi Zoshk
3
1 - Department of Archeology, Islamic Azad University of Varamin Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran
2 - Department of Archaeology,
Faculty of Humanities,
Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva Branch,
Tehran, Iran
3 - Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: Myth, Archetype, mesopotamia, ritual, Dumuzid' s Dream,
چکیده مقاله :
Mythological themes reflecting the worldview and ideology of ancient societies have various applications. One of the applications is for rituals, which have a symbolic dimension. As if these themes are repeated in different societies, they are classified as archetypes. The archetype is derived from Jung's psychological theories, which is revealed in the form of a symbol in the context of myth, epic, and dream. Since dream and myth are the same in nature and structure, this study investigated Dumuzid's dream to find out the origin of mythological rituals in the third millennium BC in Mesopotamia. This study was conducted by a descriptive analytical method using Jung's archetypal approach based on library studies, the results of which showed a relationship between the myth of Dumuzid and rituals of Mesopotamia society, and the story of vegetation gods connected with the rituals of spring and fertility in nature as the source of collective mourning ceremonies and celebrations held every year in their memory. In fact, the rituals are cultural phenomena left over from the agricultural and prehistoric times in ancient societies.
Mythological themes reflecting the worldview and ideology of ancient societies have various applications. One of the applications is for rituals, which have a symbolic dimension. As if these themes are repeated in different societies, they are classified as archetypes. The archetype is derived from Jung's psychological theories, which is revealed in the form of a symbol in the context of myth, epic, and dream. Since dream and myth are the same in nature and structure, this study investigated Dumuzid's dream to find out the origin of mythological rituals in the third millennium BC in Mesopotamia. This study was conducted by a descriptive analytical method using Jung's archetypal approach based on library studies, the results of which showed a relationship between the myth of Dumuzid and rituals of Mesopotamia society, and the story of vegetation gods connected with the rituals of spring and fertility in nature as the source of collective mourning ceremonies and celebrations held every year in their memory. In fact, the rituals are cultural phenomena left over from the agricultural and prehistoric times in ancient societies.
Alster, B, 1972, Dumuzi’s Dream: Aspects of Oral Poetry in a Sumerian Myth., Copenhagen:
Akademisk Forlag, Danmark,Print.
Argayel ,M ,2005, Jung and Religious symbolism , translated by Ahmad Reza Mohammad pour
, Criticism and Opinion magazine, 37- 38 , 328- 337.
Asad, M. R, 2017, The Dream in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, Maytho-Mystic Literature, 13, 91-
126.
Bajelan Farokhi, M.H, 1999, Myth and Ritual, Ketabe mahe honar ,Mehr and Aban ,No 25 ,26 .
Bierlein, J .F, 1994, Parallel Myths, Published in New York.
Bulkeley, k. 2001. Penelope as dreamer: the perils of interpretion .Bulkeley .Ed.Dreams .New
York:Palgrave.
Campbell, J, 1991, The Power of Myth, Publisher: Anchor Books.
Campbell, J, 2008, The Hero with a Thousand Face, Published: Pantheon Books.
Chevalier,J,.and Gheerbant, A., 1997, Dictionary of Symbols ,Publisher:Blackwell, U.K.
Eliadeh, M., 2004., Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy , Princeton, NJ:Princeton University
Press.
Eliade, M, 2012. Myths, Dreams and Mysteries (trans. Philip Mairet), Harper & Row, New York,
Eliade, M, 2019, The Myth of the Eternal Return, Cosmos and History, Princeton University
Press.
Fordham, F, 1953, An introduction to Jung’s Psychology, Publisher: Pelican, Lonon.
Frazer, J. G., 1976. The Golden Bough. A Study in Magic and Religion. Part 1: The Magic Art and
the Evolution of Kings. Vol. 1. London: The Macmillan Press. pp. ix, 423. ISBN 0-333-01282-8.
Hoftman, C., 2004. Dumuzi's Dream: Dream Analysis in Ancient Mesopotamia. Dreaming,
14(4), 240–251.
Hooke, S, H, 1968, Middle Eastern Mythology, Falcon’s Wing Press, Colorado.
Jacobsen. T. 1967. The Treasures of Darkness – A History of Mesopotamian Religion. New haven:
Yale University Press, Print.
Jacobsen. T, 1985, the Name Dumuzi, the Jewish Quartery Review, Vol. 76.No 1.Essays in Memory
of Moshe Held. Published of Pennsylvania Press.
Jung, C.G, 1968, the Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, Published: Priceton University
Press.
Jung, C.G, 1983, Psychological type content in the collected works of C,G., Jung, Vol 6, Princenton
University Press.
Jung, C.G, 2004, Human and His Symbols, Publisher: Bantam, U.K.
Jung, C.G, 2007, Four Faces of Examples, translated by Parvin Faramarzi, Mashhad, Quds Razavi
Province. [in Persian]
Kramer, S. N, 2006, The Tablets of Sumer, Publisher: The Falcon’s Wing Press.
Lundin, R.W., 1079, Theories and Systems of Psychology, Publisher: D.C. Heath and Company,
U.S.A.
Mahmoud, K, Dezhom, M, 2011, Psychological Study of Shahnameh Dreams, Mytho- Mystic
Literature, No 24, PP 157- 187.
Palmer, M, 2022, Freud and Jung on Religion, eBook Published, London.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003266785
Saberi, Nico,S.Z., ,Kazazi ,J., and Mousavi, P., 2020., The interpretation of Siavash ‘s Dream in
Shahnameh from the perspective of Traditional dreamer and Jung Psychology ,Journal of Epic
Literature ,16 (1), 29 , 101- 209.[in Persian]
Sanaei, A., 2015. Investigation of Jung’s Naturalistic method in explaining the Psyche and
Dream, Methodological Scientific and Research Quarterly. 22, No 87, 93 -118.[in Persian]
Schultz, D.P., Sydney. E.S., 1999, A History of Modern Psychology, Publisher: Cengage, U.S.A.
Wolkstein,, D., Kramer, S.N. 1983., Inanna: Queen of heaven and Earth. New York; Harper and
Row.
Available at: Britishmuseum.org
Available at: Lost.history.com/ Dumozi. php
Available at: Sementicscholar.org
