ارزیابی سیمای بالینی خودکشی در کودکان و نوجوانان شهر رشت
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه مهارت های روانشناسی تربیتی
فاطمه پور نصرالله
1
,
مائده میرزائی ملاطی
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: خودکشی, کودکان, نوجوانان,
چکیده مقاله :
خودکشی و افکار خودکشی در بین کودکان و جوانان به دلیل جمع‌آوری ناقص اطلاعات اغلب خطر دست کم گرفته می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی سیمای بالینی خودکشی در کودکان و نوجوانان شهر رشت انجام شد. روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی ـ گزارش موارد در بازه زمانی شش ماهه و روش گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت میدانی صورت گرفت. جامعه آماری کلیه‌ی کودکان و نوجوانان اقدام کننده به خودکشی در شهر رشت در سال 1400 بود که از این بین 30 نفر از کودکان و نوجوانان بستری‌شده در بیمارستان‌های شفا، رازی، 17 شهریور و پورسینا به صورت روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از چک لیست جمعیت شناختی، پرسشنامه علایم مرضی و همچنین از فهرست علایم بالینی استفاده شد. همچنین داده‌ها با آزمون آماری توصیفی و خی دو مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که اکثرشرکت‌کنندگان بر اساس فهرست علائم بالینی دارای افسردگی و بقیه دارای بدنی سازی، وسواسی جبری، حساسیت بین فردی، اضطراب، خصومت، فوبی، افکار پارانوییدی و روان‌پریشی هستند. شرکت‌کنندگان بر اساس پرسشنامه علائم مرضی کودکان دارای بیش فعالی ـ نقص توجه و بقیه دارای نافرمانی مقابله‌ای، سلوک، افکار وسواسی، اعمال وسواسی، استرس پس از آسیب، تیک‌های حرکتی، افسردگی اساسی، افسردگی مداوم و اضطراب اجتماعی بودند. سوابق خانوادگی، اعتیاد، سابقه ترومای دوران کودکی، فرار از مدرسه، مشکلات روانی، سابقه بستری و بخصوص عواملی همچون افسردگی و اضطراب از عوامل اصلی در خودکشی در کودکان و نوجوانان اقدام کننده به خودکشی هستند.
Suicide and suicidal thoughts among children and teenagers are often underestimated. The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile of suicide in children and adolescents in Rasht. The present research method is descriptive - reporting cases over a period of six months and the data collection method was done in the field. The statistical population was all children and teenagers who committed suicide in Rasht city in 2021, among which 30 children and teenagers were hospitalized in Shafa, Razi, 17 Shahrivar, and Poursina hospitals. Available sampling was selected. A demographic checklist, morbid symptoms questionnaire, and clinical symptoms list were used to collect information. Also, data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and the chi-square test. According to the list of clinical symptoms, the majority of participants have depression, and the rest have somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid thoughts, and psychosis. Based on the questionnaire of pathological symptoms of children, the participants had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the rest had confrontational disobedience, behavior, obsessive thoughts, obsessive actions, post-traumatic stress, movement tics, major depression, persistent depression, and social anxiety. Family history, addiction, history of childhood trauma, running away from school, mental problems, history of hospitalization, and especially factors such as depression and anxiety are the main factors in suicide in children and adolescents who attempt suicide.
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