اثر هیومیک اسید بر فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانت و عملکرد کرچک (Ricinus commonis L.) در شرایط کمبود آب
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
محمدرضا دادنیا ‏
1
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/03/08
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01
کلید واژه:
کمبود آب,
کاتالاز,
کرچک,
گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز,
سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز,
هیومیک اسید.,
چکیده مقاله :
تاثیر هیومیک اسید بر فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت در کرچک با اجرای آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج بررسی شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل تیمارهای آبیاری با 3 سطح شامل آبیاری در 80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (S1) (نرمال)، آبیاری در 65 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (S2) (تنش ملایم) و آبیاری در 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (S3) (تنش شدید) در کرت اصلی و هیومیک اسید در 4 سطح (عدم محلول پاشی، 1، 2 و 3 بار محلول پاشی) در کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. در این بررسی عملکرد دانه، وزن صد دانه، تعداد کپسول در بوته و آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر محلول پاشی هیومیک اسید بر وزن صد دانه و میزان آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت در سطح 1% معنی دار بوده و مقایسه میانگین ها حاکی از این بود که محلول پاشی هیومیک اسید می تواند اثر کمبود آب را تا حدودی جبران کند به طوری که میزان سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و کاتالاز در شرایط سه بار محلول پاشی به ترتیب در S2، 8/38، 75/34 و 88/37 و در S3، 63/26، 15/41 و 14/43 درصد نسبت به عدم محلول پاشی با هیومیک اسید افزایش یافتند. در مجموع، می توان گفت هیومیک اسید به دلیل اثرات مختلف فیزیولوژیکی علاوه بر افزایش عملکرد کرچک، می تواند در جهت کاهش اثرات تنش کمبود آب نقش مؤثری ایفا نماید، به طوری که افزایش میزان فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت تحت تاثیر این ترکیب می تواند یک راهکار در مناطق خشک به حساب آمده و کاهش عملکرد را تا حدودی جبران کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To evaluate the effect of humic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes in castor bean a split plot experiment based on completely randomize block design with four replications was carried out at Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in 2014. Treatments were irrigation with three levels [irrigation at 80% of field capacity (S1) (normal), irrigation at 65% of field capacity (S2) (mid stress) and irrigation at 50% of field capacity (S3) (high stress)] assigned to main plots and humic acid with four levels (without foliar application, one time, twice and three times foliar application) to sub plots. In this study traits like seed yield, 100 seed weight and antioxidant enzymes were estimated. The results showed that the effect of humic acid was significant at 1% level on 100 seed weight and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Mean comparisons indicate that foliar application of humic acid could compensate relative effect of water deficit. It was also revealed that the rate of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were increased with three times of humic acid foliar applications by 38.8, 34.75 and 37.88 percent under mid stress drought and 26.63, 41.15 and 43.14 percents under high stress drought as compared to control, respectively. Overall, it can be said that use of humic acid have different physiological effects. Humic acid not only increases seed yield of castor bean it also have a positive role in reducing water deficit effects and increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes.
منابع و مأخذ:
Birla, A., B. Singh, S.N. Upadhay, and Y.C. Sharma. 2012. Kinetics studies of synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil using a heterogeneous catalyst derived from snail shell. Bioresource Technology. 106: 95-100.
Borugadda, V.B., and V.V. Goud. 2014. Thermal, oxidative and low temperature properties of methyl esters prepared from oils of different fatty acids composition: A comparative study. Thermo Chimica Acta. 577: 33- 40.
Buasri, A., N. Chaiyut, and V. Loryuenyong. 2012. Transesterification of waste frying oil for synthesizing biodiesel by KOH supported on coconut shell activated carbon in packed bed reactor. Science Asia. 38: 283-288.
Campanella A, C. Fontanini, and M.A. Baltanas. 2015. High yield incorporate with humic acid and water deficit generated in castor. Chemistry engineering Journal. 170: 280-289.
Dazy, M., J. Ferard, and J. Masfaraud. 2008. Ecological recovery of vegetation on a coke-factory soil: Role of plant antioxidant enzymes and possible implication in site restoration. Chemosphere. 74: 57-63.
Endalew, E.K., Y. Kiros, and R. Zanzi. 2011. Heteregenous catalysis for biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. Energy. 36(5): 2693-2700.
Halek, F., A. Delavari, and A. Kavousi-rahim. 2013. Production of biodiesel as a renewable energy source from castor oil. Clean Technology Environment. 15: 1063-1068.
Hayyan, A., M.A. Hashim, M.E. Mirghani, M. Hayyan, and I.M.A. Nashef. 2013. Esterification of sludge palm oil using trifluoromethane sulfonic acid for preparation of biodiesel fuel. Korean Journal Chemistry Engineering. 30(6): 1229-1234.
Hincapie, C.S.G., F. Mondragon, and D. Lopez. 2011. Conventional in situ transesterification of castor seed oil for biodiesel production. Fuel. 90: 1618-1623.
Hoekman, S.K., A. Broch, C. Robbins, E. Ceniceros, and M. Natarajan. 2012. Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. Renew Sustainable Energy Revolution. 16: 143-169.
Jumat, S., S. Nadia, and E. Yousif. 2012. Synthesis and characterization of esters derived from ricinoleic acid and evaluation of their low temperature property. Sains Malaysiana. 41: 1239-1244.
Kamalakar, K., A.K. Rajak, R.B.N. Prasad, and M.S.L. Karuna. 2013. Rubber seed oil based biolubricant basestocks: A potential source for hydraulic oils. Industrial Crops Production. 51: 249-257.
Kemthong, P., C. Luadthong, and W. Nualpaeng. 2012. Industrial eggshell waste as the heteregenous catalyst for microwave-assisted biodiesel production. Catalyst Today. 190: 112-116.
Kulkarni, V.V., K. Sivakumar, A.P. Singh, and P. Visha. 2014. Yield and quality characteristics of rendered chicken oil for biodiesel production. Journal Oil Chemistry Sociality. 91: 133- 141.
Lee, D.H., and Y.S. Kim. 2001. The inductive response of the antioxidant enzymes by water deficit stress and selenium in C4 plants. Plant Physiol. 770: 151-174.
Mgunis, L.L., R. Meijboom, and K. Jalama. 2012. Biodiesel production over nano-MgO supported on titania. World of Academy of Science Engineering and Technology. 64: 894- 898.
Nurdin, S., F.A. Misebah, S.F. Haron, N.S. Ghazali, and J. Gimbun. 2014. A cost effective catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from Rubber and Jatropha curcas seeds oil. Chemical Engineering and Applications. 5(6):483-488.
Okullo, A., A.K. Temu, P. Ogwok, and N. Talikwa. 2012. Physico-chemical properties of biodiesel from Jatropha and Castor oil. Renewable Energy Research. 2: 47-52.
Paglia, D.E., and W.N. Valentine. 1987. Studies on quantitative and qualitative traits of glutathione peroxidase. Journal Lab Medical. 70: 158-165.
Pullen, J., and K. Saeed. 2012. An overview of biodiesel oxidation stability. Renew Sustainable Energy. 16: 5924-5950.
Rengasami, M., S. Mohanraj, S.H. Vardhan, and V. Pugalenthi. 2014. Trans esterification of castor oil using nano-sized iron catalyst for the production of biodiesel. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2: 108-112.
Salimon, J., N. Salih, and E. Yousif. 2012. Biolubricant basestocks from chemically modified ricinoleic acid. Journal of King Saudi University. 24: 11-17.
Semwal, S., A.K. Arora, R.P. Badoni, and D.K. Tuli. 2011. Biodiesel production using heteregenous catalyst. Bio resource Technology. 102(3): 2151-2161.
Shah, B., S. Sulaimana, P. Jamal, and M.S. Alam. 2014. Production of heteregenous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. Chemistry and Environment Engineering. 5(2): 73-75.
Siddharth, J., and M.P. Sharma. 2010. Review of different test methods for the evaluation of stability of biodiesel. Renew Sustainble Energy Revolution. 14: 1937-1947.
Sun, Y., P. Dailey, and S. Deng. 2013. Optimization of biodiesel production from palm oil under supercritical ethanol conditions using hexane as cosolvent: A response surface methodology approach. Fuel. 107: 633-640.
Tabrizi, A.A., G. Nour Mohammadi, and H.R. Mobasser. 2015. Effects of different cropping systems on fertility of paddy soil. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 9(2): 191-202. (In Persian).
Tsanaktsidis, C.G., S.G. Christidis, and E.P. Favvas. 2013. A novel method for improving the physicochemical properties of diesel and jet fuel using polyaspartate polymer additives. Fuel. 104: 155-162.
Tseng, J.M., and C.P. Lin. 2012. Prediction of incompatible reaction of dibenzoyl peroxide by isothermal calorimetry analysis and green thermal analysis technology. Thermal Anal Calorimetric. 107: 927-933.
Wang, J., L. Cao, and S. Han. 2014. Effect of polymeric cold flow improvers on flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Fuel. 117: 876-881.
Zhang, J., and Q. Meng. 2014. Preparation of KOH/CaO/C supported biodiesel catalyst and application process. World Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2: 184-191.
_||_
Birla, A., B. Singh, S.N. Upadhay, and Y.C. Sharma. 2012. Kinetics studies of synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil using a heterogeneous catalyst derived from snail shell. Bioresource Technology. 106: 95-100.
Borugadda, V.B., and V.V. Goud. 2014. Thermal, oxidative and low temperature properties of methyl esters prepared from oils of different fatty acids composition: A comparative study. Thermo Chimica Acta. 577: 33- 40.
Buasri, A., N. Chaiyut, and V. Loryuenyong. 2012. Transesterification of waste frying oil for synthesizing biodiesel by KOH supported on coconut shell activated carbon in packed bed reactor. Science Asia. 38: 283-288.
Campanella A, C. Fontanini, and M.A. Baltanas. 2015. High yield incorporate with humic acid and water deficit generated in castor. Chemistry engineering Journal. 170: 280-289.
Dazy, M., J. Ferard, and J. Masfaraud. 2008. Ecological recovery of vegetation on a coke-factory soil: Role of plant antioxidant enzymes and possible implication in site restoration. Chemosphere. 74: 57-63.
Endalew, E.K., Y. Kiros, and R. Zanzi. 2011. Heteregenous catalysis for biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. Energy. 36(5): 2693-2700.
Halek, F., A. Delavari, and A. Kavousi-rahim. 2013. Production of biodiesel as a renewable energy source from castor oil. Clean Technology Environment. 15: 1063-1068.
Hayyan, A., M.A. Hashim, M.E. Mirghani, M. Hayyan, and I.M.A. Nashef. 2013. Esterification of sludge palm oil using trifluoromethane sulfonic acid for preparation of biodiesel fuel. Korean Journal Chemistry Engineering. 30(6): 1229-1234.
Hincapie, C.S.G., F. Mondragon, and D. Lopez. 2011. Conventional in situ transesterification of castor seed oil for biodiesel production. Fuel. 90: 1618-1623.
Hoekman, S.K., A. Broch, C. Robbins, E. Ceniceros, and M. Natarajan. 2012. Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. Renew Sustainable Energy Revolution. 16: 143-169.
Jumat, S., S. Nadia, and E. Yousif. 2012. Synthesis and characterization of esters derived from ricinoleic acid and evaluation of their low temperature property. Sains Malaysiana. 41: 1239-1244.
Kamalakar, K., A.K. Rajak, R.B.N. Prasad, and M.S.L. Karuna. 2013. Rubber seed oil based biolubricant basestocks: A potential source for hydraulic oils. Industrial Crops Production. 51: 249-257.
Kemthong, P., C. Luadthong, and W. Nualpaeng. 2012. Industrial eggshell waste as the heteregenous catalyst for microwave-assisted biodiesel production. Catalyst Today. 190: 112-116.
Kulkarni, V.V., K. Sivakumar, A.P. Singh, and P. Visha. 2014. Yield and quality characteristics of rendered chicken oil for biodiesel production. Journal Oil Chemistry Sociality. 91: 133- 141.
Lee, D.H., and Y.S. Kim. 2001. The inductive response of the antioxidant enzymes by water deficit stress and selenium in C4 plants. Plant Physiol. 770: 151-174.
Mgunis, L.L., R. Meijboom, and K. Jalama. 2012. Biodiesel production over nano-MgO supported on titania. World of Academy of Science Engineering and Technology. 64: 894- 898.
Nurdin, S., F.A. Misebah, S.F. Haron, N.S. Ghazali, and J. Gimbun. 2014. A cost effective catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from Rubber and Jatropha curcas seeds oil. Chemical Engineering and Applications. 5(6):483-488.
Okullo, A., A.K. Temu, P. Ogwok, and N. Talikwa. 2012. Physico-chemical properties of biodiesel from Jatropha and Castor oil. Renewable Energy Research. 2: 47-52.
Paglia, D.E., and W.N. Valentine. 1987. Studies on quantitative and qualitative traits of glutathione peroxidase. Journal Lab Medical. 70: 158-165.
Pullen, J., and K. Saeed. 2012. An overview of biodiesel oxidation stability. Renew Sustainable Energy. 16: 5924-5950.
Rengasami, M., S. Mohanraj, S.H. Vardhan, and V. Pugalenthi. 2014. Trans esterification of castor oil using nano-sized iron catalyst for the production of biodiesel. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2: 108-112.
Salimon, J., N. Salih, and E. Yousif. 2012. Biolubricant basestocks from chemically modified ricinoleic acid. Journal of King Saudi University. 24: 11-17.
Semwal, S., A.K. Arora, R.P. Badoni, and D.K. Tuli. 2011. Biodiesel production using heteregenous catalyst. Bio resource Technology. 102(3): 2151-2161.
Shah, B., S. Sulaimana, P. Jamal, and M.S. Alam. 2014. Production of heteregenous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. Chemistry and Environment Engineering. 5(2): 73-75.
Siddharth, J., and M.P. Sharma. 2010. Review of different test methods for the evaluation of stability of biodiesel. Renew Sustainble Energy Revolution. 14: 1937-1947.
Sun, Y., P. Dailey, and S. Deng. 2013. Optimization of biodiesel production from palm oil under supercritical ethanol conditions using hexane as cosolvent: A response surface methodology approach. Fuel. 107: 633-640.
Tabrizi, A.A., G. Nour Mohammadi, and H.R. Mobasser. 2015. Effects of different cropping systems on fertility of paddy soil. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 9(2): 191-202. (In Persian).
Tsanaktsidis, C.G., S.G. Christidis, and E.P. Favvas. 2013. A novel method for improving the physicochemical properties of diesel and jet fuel using polyaspartate polymer additives. Fuel. 104: 155-162.
Tseng, J.M., and C.P. Lin. 2012. Prediction of incompatible reaction of dibenzoyl peroxide by isothermal calorimetry analysis and green thermal analysis technology. Thermal Anal Calorimetric. 107: 927-933.
Wang, J., L. Cao, and S. Han. 2014. Effect of polymeric cold flow improvers on flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Fuel. 117: 876-881.
Zhang, J., and Q. Meng. 2014. Preparation of KOH/CaO/C supported biodiesel catalyst and application process. World Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2: 184-191.
