الگوی پروتئینی تعدادی از ارقام گندم نان در مراحل قبل و بعد از خوشهدهی با استفاده از روش SDS-PAGE
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیزهرا بقایی فر 1 , محسن فرشادفر 2 , سمیرا مستوفی 3 , زهره شیرخانی 4 , مهدی کاکایی 5
1 - استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
3 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه آموزشی علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
5 - دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تنوع ژنتیکی, گندم نان, نشانگر بیوشیمیایی, خوشهدهی,
چکیده مقاله :
بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی بر اساس شاخص های مولکولی و بیوشیمیایی نقش مهمی در تحقیقات به نژادی دارد. الگوهای پروتئینی در راستای تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی کاربرد فراوانی پیداکرده است. بهمنظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی و الگوی پروتئینی در ارقام گندم نان قبل و بعد از مرحله خوشهدهی، این تحقیق در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه پیام نور اسدآباد اجرا گردید. در این پژوهش 13 رقم گندم نان برای تهیه الگوهای پروتئینی بر اساس الکتروفورز SDS-PAGE مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. الکتروفورز به روش ژل پلی اکریل آمید بهصورت ژل پایینی (12%) و ژل بالایی یا متراکم کننده (4%) انجام شد. نوارهای پروتئینی با استفاده از کوماسی بلو رنگآمیزی شدند. تجزیه نوارها بر اساس اعداد صفر و یک با نرم افزار SPSS انجام گرفت. فاصله بر اساس روش اقلیدسی و ضریب شباهت بر اساس Dice انجام گرفت. بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی در قبل از خوشهدهی بین ارقام زارع و گاسکوژن (8 واحد) است. بین رقم پیشگام و سایسون (یک یعنی صد درصد شباهت) است. کمترین میزان شباهت با عدد0.2 بین ارقام زارع و گاسکوژن بود. بر اساس تجزیه کلاستر تعداد 13 رقم گندم نان به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. نتایج بعد از خوشهدهی تا حدود زیادی شبیه الگوی پروتئینی قبل از خوشهدهی بود. بین رقم پیشگام و سایسون (یک یعنی صد درصد شباهت) و یا پیشگام و بزوستایا (یک) است. کمترین میزان شباهت با عدد صفر بین ارقام زارع و گاسکوژن و عدد 0.205 بین رقم زارع و بقیه ارقام است. بر اساس تجزیه کلاستر بعد از خوشهدهی، تعداد 13 رقم گندم به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. ارقام زارع، گاسکوژن و امید در کلاسترهای جدا گانه و بقیه ارقام در یک گروه طبقه بندی شدند. افزایش یک گروه بیانگر اثر بعضی از پروتئین ها است که در مراحل رشد و نمو قبل و بعد از خوشه دهی گندم مؤثر هستند.
Protein patterns of SDS-PAGE have been widely used to determine genetic variation in cereals. This study was carried out at The Payame-Noor University of Asadabad to study genetic diversity and protein pattern in bread wheat cultivars before and after flowering. 13 bread wheat cultivars were applied to prepare protein patterns based on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The highest genetic distance before bolting was between Zare and Gascogen (8 units). The lowest genetic distance before flowering was between cultivars with a distance equal to zero. This result indicates high genetic similarity between wheat cultivars. The most similarity between the cultivars is the value of one, such as Pishgam and Sayson (one means one hundred percent similarity) or Pishgam and Bezustaya (with one). The least similarity is 0.2 between Zare and Gascogen. Based on cluster analysis these 13 bread wheat cultivars were divided into three groups. The results after bolting were largely similar to the protein pattern before blooming. The most similarity between the cultivars is the value of one. Pishgam and Sayson was one hundred percent similar, and Pishgam and Bezustaya as well. The lowest similarity was observed between Zare and Gascogen cultivars with zero and 0.25 between Zare and other cultivars. Based on cluster analysis, 13 wheat cultivars were grouped into four clusters. Zare, Gascogen and Omid cultivars were placed in separate clusters and the rest of the cultivars were classified in one group. Increasing one group indicates the effect of some proteins that are effective in the developmental stages before and after wheat flowering.
2020. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2020. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat.
Arzani, A., and M. Ashraf. 2017. Cultivated ancient wheats (Triticum): A potential source of health-beneficial food products. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 16: 477-488. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12262.
Bradford, MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantitites of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254. doi: 1006/abio.1976.9999.
Chu, L., C. Yang, F. Zhuang, Y. Yingmiao Gao, and M. Luo. 2022. The HDA9-HY5 module epigenetically regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Cell Physiology. 237(7): 2961-2968. doi:10.1002/jcp.30761
Dana, M., M.G. Zdenka, P. Lenka, and C. Milan. 2016. Polymorphism of proteins in selected Slovak winter wheat genotypes using SDS-PAGE. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 17(4): 970-985. doi: 10.5513/JCEA01/17.4.1800.
Dongjin, S., C. Jin-Kyung, L. So-Myeong, N. Rolly Kabange, and L. Jong-Hee. 2020. Rapid and easy high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit identification system by lab-on-a-chip in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants. 9: 1517- 1531. doi:10.3390/ plants9111517.
Fallahi, G., A. Hatami, and R. Naseri. 2013. Growth analysis of six corn hybrids under drought conditions in Kermansh Province, Iran. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7(2): 181-196. (In Persian).
Farshadfar, E., and M. Farshadfar. 2022. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis. Payame Noor Publication Centre. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Gao, L., W. Ma, J. Chen, K. Wang, J. Li, S. Wang, F. Bekes, R. Appels, and Y. Yan. 2010. Characterization and comparative analysis of wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, HPCE, and MALDI-TOF-MS. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemestry. 58: 2777–2786. doi: 10.1021/jf903363z.
Jafar aghaei, M., M. Zolal, and M. Jafar Aqaei. 2013. Assessing genetic diversity in wild morphotypes of Iranian Triticum boeoticum according to the allelic variation of Glu-1A and Glu-3A gene loci. Agricultural Biotechnology Journal. 5(1): 135-148. doi: 10.22103/JAB.2013.1189.
Jang, Y.R., H.R. Meom, B. Susan Altenbach, L. Min-Ki, L. Sun-Hyung, and L. Jong-Yeol. 2017. Improved method for reliable HMW-GS identification by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE in common wheat cultivars. Molecules. 22(7): 1055-1066. doi: 10.3390/molecules22071055.
Kakaei M., F., Moradi, and H. Sherbar. 2016. Study of the endosperm protein alleles diversity of some bread wheat cultivars using SDS-PAGE. Biotechnology in Agriculture. 15(2):77-83. (In Persian).
Kakaei, M. 2018. Study of allelic variation by SDS-PAGE in bread wheat leaf tissue. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 9(4): 25-38. (In Persian). doi:22108/IJPB .2017. 104257.1024.
Kakaei, M. 2022. Plant proteomics and industrial oil plants. Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops. 2(4): 213-220. (In Persian). doi:22126/ATIC.2023. 8688.1082.
Kang, M.J., H.S. Jin, Y.S. Noh, and B. Noh. 2015. Repression of flowering under a noninductive photoperiod by the HDA9-AGL19-FT module in Arabidopsis. New Phytology. 206(1): 281-294. (In Persian). doi: 10.1111/nph.13161.
Leammli, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structure proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227: 680-685. doi:1038/227680a0.
Muhammad Farooq, A., M. Iqbal, M. Shahid Masood, M. Ashiq Rabbani, and M. Munir. Assessment of genetic diversity among Pakistani wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) advanced breeding lines using RAPD and SDS-PAGE. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 13(3): 1-10. doi: 10.2225/vol13-issue3-fulltext-2.
Nadeem, M., F.M. Anjum, M.R. Khan, M. Sajjad, Sh. Hussain, and M. Sajid Arshad. 2016. Electrophoretic characteristics of gluten proteins as influenced by crop year and variety. International Journal of Food Properties. 19:897–910. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1045518.
Naderi, F., F. Bavanpori, E. Farshadfar, and M. Farshadfar. 2020. Screening and Identification of drought tolerant bread wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 54(2): 275-292. (In Persian). doi: 10.30495/jcep. 2020.676143.
Steinberg, T.H. 2009. Protein gel staining methods: An introduction and overview. Method Enzymol. 463: 542-563. doi: 1016/S0076-6879(09)63031-7.
Yang, L., X. Chen, Zh. Wang, Q. Sun, A. Hong, A. Aiqin Zhang, X. Zhong, and X. Hua. 2020. HOS15 and HDA9 negatively regulate immunity through histone deacetylation of intracellular immune receptor NLR genes in Arabidopsis. Journal of New Phytology. 226(2): 507–522. doi: 10.1111/nph.16380.
_||_2020. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2020. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat.
Arzani, A., and M. Ashraf. 2017. Cultivated ancient wheats (Triticum): A potential source of health-beneficial food products. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 16: 477-488. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12262.
Bradford, MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantitites of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254. doi: 1006/abio.1976.9999.
Chu, L., C. Yang, F. Zhuang, Y. Yingmiao Gao, and M. Luo. 2022. The HDA9-HY5 module epigenetically regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Cell Physiology. 237(7): 2961-2968. doi:10.1002/jcp.30761
Dana, M., M.G. Zdenka, P. Lenka, and C. Milan. 2016. Polymorphism of proteins in selected Slovak winter wheat genotypes using SDS-PAGE. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 17(4): 970-985. doi: 10.5513/JCEA01/17.4.1800.
Dongjin, S., C. Jin-Kyung, L. So-Myeong, N. Rolly Kabange, and L. Jong-Hee. 2020. Rapid and easy high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit identification system by lab-on-a-chip in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants. 9: 1517- 1531. doi:10.3390/ plants9111517.
Fallahi, G., A. Hatami, and R. Naseri. 2013. Growth analysis of six corn hybrids under drought conditions in Kermansh Province, Iran. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7(2): 181-196. (In Persian).
Farshadfar, E., and M. Farshadfar. 2022. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis. Payame Noor Publication Centre. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Gao, L., W. Ma, J. Chen, K. Wang, J. Li, S. Wang, F. Bekes, R. Appels, and Y. Yan. 2010. Characterization and comparative analysis of wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, HPCE, and MALDI-TOF-MS. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemestry. 58: 2777–2786. doi: 10.1021/jf903363z.
Jafar aghaei, M., M. Zolal, and M. Jafar Aqaei. 2013. Assessing genetic diversity in wild morphotypes of Iranian Triticum boeoticum according to the allelic variation of Glu-1A and Glu-3A gene loci. Agricultural Biotechnology Journal. 5(1): 135-148. doi: 10.22103/JAB.2013.1189.
Jang, Y.R., H.R. Meom, B. Susan Altenbach, L. Min-Ki, L. Sun-Hyung, and L. Jong-Yeol. 2017. Improved method for reliable HMW-GS identification by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE in common wheat cultivars. Molecules. 22(7): 1055-1066. doi: 10.3390/molecules22071055.
Kakaei M., F., Moradi, and H. Sherbar. 2016. Study of the endosperm protein alleles diversity of some bread wheat cultivars using SDS-PAGE. Biotechnology in Agriculture. 15(2):77-83. (In Persian).
Kakaei, M. 2018. Study of allelic variation by SDS-PAGE in bread wheat leaf tissue. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 9(4): 25-38. (In Persian). doi:22108/IJPB .2017. 104257.1024.
Kakaei, M. 2022. Plant proteomics and industrial oil plants. Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops. 2(4): 213-220. (In Persian). doi:22126/ATIC.2023. 8688.1082.
Kang, M.J., H.S. Jin, Y.S. Noh, and B. Noh. 2015. Repression of flowering under a noninductive photoperiod by the HDA9-AGL19-FT module in Arabidopsis. New Phytology. 206(1): 281-294. (In Persian). doi: 10.1111/nph.13161.
Leammli, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structure proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227: 680-685. doi:1038/227680a0.
Muhammad Farooq, A., M. Iqbal, M. Shahid Masood, M. Ashiq Rabbani, and M. Munir. Assessment of genetic diversity among Pakistani wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) advanced breeding lines using RAPD and SDS-PAGE. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 13(3): 1-10. doi: 10.2225/vol13-issue3-fulltext-2.
Nadeem, M., F.M. Anjum, M.R. Khan, M. Sajjad, Sh. Hussain, and M. Sajid Arshad. 2016. Electrophoretic characteristics of gluten proteins as influenced by crop year and variety. International Journal of Food Properties. 19:897–910. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1045518.
Naderi, F., F. Bavanpori, E. Farshadfar, and M. Farshadfar. 2020. Screening and Identification of drought tolerant bread wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 54(2): 275-292. (In Persian). doi: 10.30495/jcep. 2020.676143.
Steinberg, T.H. 2009. Protein gel staining methods: An introduction and overview. Method Enzymol. 463: 542-563. doi: 1016/S0076-6879(09)63031-7.
Yang, L., X. Chen, Zh. Wang, Q. Sun, A. Hong, A. Aiqin Zhang, X. Zhong, and X. Hua. 2020. HOS15 and HDA9 negatively regulate immunity through histone deacetylation of intracellular immune receptor NLR genes in Arabidopsis. Journal of New Phytology. 226(2): 507–522. doi: 10.1111/nph.16380.