واکنش دو رقم کلزا (.Brassica napus L) از نظر شاخص های رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد به نحوه مصرف کود نیتروژن در دشت گنبد کاووس

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سیدفاضل فاضلی کاخکی ¹ (استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.)
مرتضی گلدانی ² (دانشیار گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
فرهاد سلیمانی‌فرد ³ (کارشناس ارشد زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
ناصر بیک زاده ⁴ (استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01

کلید واژه: سطح برگ, تعداد خورجین در بوته, مرحله نمونه‌برداری, وزن خشک شاخه جانبی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی واکنش کلزا به نحوه استفاده از کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-94 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول دو رقم کلزا (Hayola 401 و RGS003) و فاکتور دوم چهار نحوه اعمال تیمار کود نیتروژن به صورت سرک (F1: سه مرحله کوددهی به صورت پای‌بوته، F2: سه مرحله محلول‌پاشی، F3: چهار مرحله کوددهی پای‌بوته و F4: چهار مرحله محلول‌پاشی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته در نمونه‌برداری دوم و سوم با اعمال تیمار F3 و با 144/8 و 161 سانتی‌متر به دست آمد. وزن خشک و سطح برگ در تمام مراحل نمونه‌برداری بیشترین مقدار از اعمال تیمار F3 حاصل شد. همین روند در مورد وزن خشک شاخه‌های جانبی نیز مشاهده شد، به طوری که در مرحله سوم نمونه برداری بیشترین وزن خشک شاخه‌های‌جانبی با مقدار 59/4 گرم در بوته از اعمال تیمار F3 به دست امد. بیشترین عملکرد زیست توده و دانه از اعمال تیمار F3 به ترتیب با مقدار 1029 و 332 گرم در مترمربع به دست آمد. اعمال تیمار F3 در رقم هایولا 401 بیشترین تعداد خورجین (145 خورجین در بوته)، زیست توده (1105 گرم در مترمربع)، عملکرد روغن (121 گرم در متر مربع) و عملکرد دانه با مقدار 358 گرم در متر مربع را داشت. به طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد کلیه شاخص های مورفولوژیکی و عملکردی بوته از تاثیر چهارمرحله کوددهی پایه بوته حاصل شد که رقم هایولا 401 واکنش مثبت بیشتری به این نحو کوددهی را نشان داد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to investigate the response of rapeseed to the application method of nitrogen fertilizer, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2015-2016 crop season. The first factor was two canola cultivars (Hayola 401 and RGS003) and the second factor was four application method of nitrogen fertilizer treatment as F1: three stages fertilization in soil used, F2: three stages foliar spraying application, F3: four stages of fertilization in soil used and F4: four stages of fertilization as foliar spraying. The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained by applying F3 treatment with 144.8 and 161 cm per plant in the second and third sampling, respectively. The highest leaf dry weight and leaf area was obtain by application F3 treatment in all sampling stages. The same trend was observed for the dry weight of lateral branches, so that in the third stage of sampling, the highest dry weight of lateral branches with 59.4 g.plant-1 was obtained by consuming of F3 treatment. The highest biomass and grain yield were obtained from F3 treatment with 1029 g.m-2 and 332 g.m-2 respectively. The highest number of pod (145 pod per plant), biomass (1105 g.m-2), oil yield (121 g.m-2) and seed yield (358 g.m-2) was obtain from application F3 in Hayola 401 cultivar. In general, the results showed that all morphological and yield indices of the plant were obtained from application of nitrogen fertilizer in four stages at the soil used that Hayola 401 cultivar showed more positive response to this used method of fertilization.

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