پاسخ هیبریدهای دیررس ذرت به کاربرد سولفات پتاسیم در شرایط کم آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

زهره حنطه ¹ (دانش آموخته زراعت، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران.)
رقیه امینیان ² (استادیار دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) قزوین)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/10/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/05/01

کلید واژه: رگرسیون گام به گام, تنش خشکی, کود پتاسیم, ذرت دانه‌ای,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسیم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه‌ای در شرایط کم آبیاری و تعیین مؤثرترین صفات بر عملکرد دانه، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات مناطق خشک و بیابانی کاشان انجام شد. سطوح آبیاری (آبیاری کامل، قطع یک دور آبیاری در مراحل ظهور پانیکول و پر شدن دانه) به عنوان عامل اصلی، مصرف کود پتاسیم در سه سطح 200 (مقدار توصیه شده بر اساس آزمون خاک)، 245 و290 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سولفات پتاسیم به عنوان عامل فرعی و دو رقم سینگل کراس 700 و 704 به عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در نظرگرفته شدند. اثر آبیاری بر صفات تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، میزان آب نسبی برگ و میزان آب از دست رفته معنی دار بود. اثر رقم بر تمامی صفات، به جز میزان آب از دست رفته، و اثر کود بر تمام صفات، به جز تعداد ردیف دانه، معنی دار بود. در تمامی صفات، به جز ارتفاع بوته، رقم 700 برتر از رقم 704 بود. برای اکثر صفات، بیشترین مقادیر در شرایط آبیاری کامل، اعمال کود پتاسیم به مقدار290 کیلوگرم در هکتار و استفاده از رقم 700 حاصل شد. حذف یک دور آبیاری در مرحله ظهور پانیکول برای رقم 700 و در مرحله دانه بندی برای رقم 704 موجب کاهش معنی دار عملکرد دانه نگردید. بر اساس تجزیه همبستگی بیشترین همبستگی عملکرد دانه با صفات تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت مشاهده شد. ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ رﮔﺮﺳـﻴﻮن گام به گام ﻧـﺸﺎن داد ﻛـﻪ در رقم 700 ﺻـﻔﺎت تعداد ردیف دانه، تعداد دانه در ردیف و وزن هزار دانه و در رقم 704 ﺻـﻔﺎت عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت به ترتیب 7/98 و 5/98 درصد از تغییرات را توجیه نمودند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the effect of potassium sulfate on seed yield, yield components and traits affecting seed yield of late maturing corn, a split split plot experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in Kashan Desert Research Station. Irrigation levels consisted of complete irrigation and cutting off irrigation at panicle emergence and seed filling stages which were considered as the main factor, three levels of potassium sulfate 200 (recommendation based on the soil analysis), 245 and 290 kg.ha-1 as the subplot, and two single cross of corn, KSC 700 and 704, as sub-sub plots. Effect of irrigation on traits like seed number per row, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, relative water content and relative water loss were significant. The effect of cultivar on all traits, except relative water loss, and the effect of fertilizer on all traits, except number of rows per ear, were also significant. All of the KSC700 traits, except plant highest were better than those of cultivar KSC704. The highest values for the most traits were obtained in full irrigation condition, applying potassium sulfate at the rate of 290 kg.ha-1 for KSC 700. Cutting off irrigation at the panicle emergence of KSC 900 and seed filling of KSC 704 did not cause significant reduction in seed yield. Highest correlation of grain yield were obtained with number of kernels per row, 1000 grain weight and harvest index. Stepwise regression results showed that number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and 1000 grain weight in KSC 700, and biological yield and harvest index in KSC 704 justified 98.7 and 98.5 percent of changes, respectively.

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