اثرات مصرف باکتری آزوسپریلوم لیپوفروم (Azospirillum lipoferum)، محصول قبلی و مقدار مصرف نیتروژن بر رشد و عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در تنکابن
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمیلاد جوادی 1 , هاشم امین پناه 2
1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: برنج, تثبیت بیولوژیکی نیتروژن, باکتری های محرک رشد, تغذیه معدنی برنج, تناوب بقولات,
چکیده مقاله :
کشت گیاهان زمستانه خانواده بقولات در تناوب با برنج و استفاده از باکتری های محرک رشد گیاه می توانند راه کار مناسبی در جهت افزایش پایداری تولید در مزارع برنج باشند. به منظور بررسی اثر باکتری آزوسپریلوم لیپوفروم، محصول قبلی و مقدار نیتروژن بر رشد و عملکرد رقم شیرودی برنج، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات برنج تنکابن، استان مازندران، در سال 1393 انجام شد. گیاهان قبلی شبدر برسیم، باقلا و آیش به عنوان عوامل اصلی و دو سطح از مصرف باکتری آزوسپریلوم (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و سه سطح مقدار از کود نیتروژنه توصیه شده (50، 75 و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) به عنوان عوامل فرعی به صورت فاکتوریل در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد برنج در صورت کاشت آن پس از شبدر برسیم حدود سه درصد بیشتر از عملکرد برنج در صورت کاشت آن پس از آیش بود. در مقابل، عملکرد شلتوک در صورت کاشت آن پس از باقلا حدود 16 درصد کمتر از عملکرد شلتوک در صورت کاشت آن پس از آیش بود. کاربرد باکتری آزوسپریلوم سبب افزایش عملکرد شلتوک به میزان 14 درصد گردید. با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن از 50 به 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد شلتوک به میزان 11 درصد افزایش یافت، در حالی که مصرف بیشتر نیتروژن اثر معنی داری بر عملکرد شلتوک نداشت. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، کاربرد باکتری آزوسپریلوم به همراه مصرف 75 درصد از مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده جهت دست یابی به حداکثر عملکرد برنج رقم شیرودی در تنکابن می تواند مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
Incorporation of winter legume crops in rotation with rice and using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be a proper alternative approach in increasing sustainable crop production in rice fields. A split factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2014 to evaluate the effects of previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation, and N rate on growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Shiroudi). Main plots were consisted of previous crop [berseem clover, faba bean, and control (fallow)] and subplots of Azospirillum lipoferum (Inoculated and Un-inoculated) and recommended rate of N applications (50, 75, and 100 kg.ha-1). Analysis of variance showed that rice paddy yield was significantly affected by previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum and N rate. Result also showed that rice paddy yield was increased only by 3% when rice was planted after berseem clover as it compared with rice plant after fallow. However, rice paddy yield was significantly reduced by 16% when it was planted after faba bean as compared to that it was planted after fallow. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 14% after Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 11% when N application increased from 50 to 75 kg N ha-1, and further N application (100 kg N ha-1) did not affect paddy yield significantly. Based on the result of this experiment, planting rice after berseem clover, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation and application of kg N ha-1 of recommended rates can be used to obtain highest paddy yield in the experimental site.
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