تاثیر تنش گرمای انتهای فصل بر خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپهای کلزا (Brassica napus L) در رامهرمز
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سحر کلاهکج
1
,
مهرو مجتبایی زمانی
2
1 - دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی گروه کشاورزی، واحد رامهرمز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رامهرمز، ایرا
2 - استادیار گروه کشاورزی، واحد رامهرمز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رامهرمز، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/02/19
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/23
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01
کلید واژه:
فنولوژی,
شاخص حساسیت به تنش,
تنوع ژنوتیپی,
کاشت دیرهنگام,
چکیده مقاله :
دما در دوره گلدهی و دانهبندی شاخص بسیار با اهمیتی برای تخمین پتانسیل عملکرد دانه کلزا محسوب میشود. به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر مواجهه با تنش گرمای ناشی از تاخیر در کاشت بر خصوصیات زراعی ژنوتیپهای مختلف کلزا (شامل هایولا420، هایولا50، هایولا60، سان37، سان34 و دلگان)، دو آزمایش جداگانه در دو تاریخ کاشت متداول (21 آبان ماه) و تاخیری (26 آذر ماه)، هر کدام در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رامهرمز اجرا شد. هر تاریخ کاشت به عنوان یک محیط در نظر گرفته شد و دادههای حاصل در نهایت تجزیه مرکب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با تاخیر در کاشت و وقوع تنش گرما در مرحله گلدهی و دانه بستن، تعداد گل باز شده روی ساقه اصلی، درصد گلهای منتهی به خورجین، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد شاخههای فرعی، تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن هزار دانه، طول خورجین، ارتفاع بوته و طول دوره زایشی ژنوتیپها کاهش یافت و منجر به کاهش معنیدار عملکرد دانه شد. کاهش تعداد خورجین در بوته بیشترین سهم در کاهش عملکرد دانه را به خود اختصاص داد. در تاریخ کاشت متداول، عملکرد دانه در هایولا 420 و سان 34 بیشتر از سایر ژنوتیپها بود و در شرایط تنش گرمای ناشی از تاخیر در کاشت، هایولا50 و سپس سان 34 بیشترین و دلگان کمترین عملکرد دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند. کمترین درصد کاهش عملکرد ناشی از تاخیر در کاشت به هایولا50 تعلق داشت (55 درصد) و بر اساس شاخص حساسیت به تنش، ژنوتیپی نیمه متحمل به تنش گرمای انتهای فصل شناخته شد. در تاریخ کاشت متداول، ژنوتیپهایی که سریع تر به مرحلهگلدهی رسیدند ولی دوره گلدهی طولانیتری داشتند از عملکرد بالاتری برخوردار بودند، در مقابل، در تاریخ کاشت تاخیری همبستگی منفی و معنیداری بین طول دوره گلدهی با تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین و عملکرد دانه مشاهده شد. ژنوتیپ سان34 در هر دو تاریخ کاشت متداول و تاخیری از عملکرد بالایی برخوردار بود و به عنوان ژنوتیپی مناسب برای دستیابی به عملکردی پایدار در منطقه رامهرمز می تواند مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Temperature during flowering and seed filling is a very important indicator for estimating the yield potential of rapeseed. In order to evaluate the effect of heat stress due to delay in sowing date on agronomic characteristics of different rapeseed genotypes (including, Hyola420, Hyola50, Hyola60, SAN37, SAN34 and Dalgan) two separate experiments on two Conventional sowing date (11th Nov.) and late sowing date (16th Dec.) each in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz Branch, during the growing season of 2016 and 2017. Each sowing date was considered as an environment and the data were finally analyzed by combined analysis. The results showed that with delay in sowing date and the occurrence of heat stress at flowering and seed filling stages, the number of flowers on the main raceme, ratio of siliques produced per flowers produced, number of siliques per plant, and branches per plant, number of seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight, silique length, plant height and reproductive period decreased and led to significant reduction in seed yield. Reducing silique numbers per plant had the highest contribution to reducing seed yield. In conventional sowing date, seed yield in Hyola 420 and SAN 34 was higher than other genotypes. Under heat stress conditions due to delay in sowing, seed yield in Hyola50 followed by SAN34 was higher than other genotypes and Dalgan had the lowest seed yield. The lowest percentage of reduction seed yield was belonged to Hyola50 (55%) and the amount of stress susceptibility index in this genotype indicated that it was semi-tolerant to late season heat stress. In conventional sowing date, genotypes that quickly reached to the flowering stage but had a longer flowering period, had higher yields. In late sowing date, significant negative correlation was observed between the duration of flowering with number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique and seed yield. SAN 34 had high yield in both conventional and late sowing dates and is suggested as a suitable genotype for achieving stable yield in Ramhormoz region.
منابع و مأخذ:
Brunel-Muguet, S., Ph. D’Hooghe, M. Bataille, C. Larre, T. Kim, J. Trouverie, J. Avice, Ph. Etienne, and C. Durr. 2015. Heat stress during seed filling interferes with sulfur restriction on grain composition and seed germination in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Frontiers in Plant Science. 6(213): 1-12.
Doori, S., M.R. Moradi Telavat, S.A. Siadat, and A. Bakhshandeh. 2015. Effect of delayed planting and foliar application of nitrogen on canola seed and oil yield in Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 17(2): 128-138. (In Persian).
Fallah Heki, M.H., A. Yadavi, M. Movahhedi Dehnavi, and M. Bonyadi. 2012. Effect of planting date on physiological and morphological characteriistics of four canola cultivars in Yasouj. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2(4): 53-66. (In Persian).
Fani, E., M. Nabipour, and A.Kh. Danaei. 2010. Study the effects of heat and drought at the end of the season on yield and yield components of sixteen canola varieties. Journal of Plant Production. 17(3): 67-79. (In Persian).
Faraji, A., N. Latifi, A. Soltani, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2009. Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 132-140.
Farooq, M., H. Bramley, J.A. Palta, and H.M. Siddique. 2011. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grain-filling phases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 30: 1–17.
Foroughi, A., A. Biabani, A. Rahemi Karizaki, and Gh.A. Rassam. 2019. Investigation the physiological traits associated with canola (Brassica napus) genotypes yield improvement. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 17 (1): 53-73. (In Persian).
Gan, Y., S.V. Angadi, H. Cutforth, D. Potts, V.V. Angadi, and C.L. McDonald. 2004. Canola and mustard response to short periods of temperature and water stress at different developmental stages. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 84: 697-404.
Ghobadi, M., A. Bakhshandeh, Gh. Fathi, M.H. Gharineh, Kh. Alami-Saeed, and A. Naderi. 2006. Effects of sowing date and heat stress during flowering on yield and yield components in canola (Brassica napus) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 8(1): 46-57. (In Persian).
Hassanuzzaman, M., K. Nahar, M.M. Alam, R. Roychowdhury, and M. Fujita. 2013. Review: physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14: 9643-9684.
KalantarAhmadi, S.A., A. Ebadi, S.A. Siadat, and H. Tavakoli Hasanaklou. 2014. Effect of heat stress due to sowing date on grain yield of rapeseed cultivars in North Khuzestan conditions in Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 16(1): 62-76. (In Persian).
Khamadi, F., M.H. Gharineh, and A. Bakhshandeh. 2014. Influence of sowing dates on yield and yield component of rape forage cultivars under Ahvaz condition. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 104: 22-28. (In Persian).
Khayat, M., and M. Gohari. 2009. Planting date effect on yield, seed yield, growth index and phonologic traits canola (Brassica napus) genotypes in Ahvaz condition. New Finding in Agriculture. 3(3): 233-248. (In Persian).
Mirzaei, M., Sh. Dashti, M. Absalan, A. Siadat, and Gh. Fathi. 2011. Study the effect of planting dates on the yield, yield components and oil content of canola cultivars (Brassica napus) in Dehloran rejoin. Journal of Crop Production. 3(2): 159-176. (In Persian).
Moradi Telavat, M., Z. Kazemi, and S.A. Siadat. 2016. Canola physiological, growth and yield response to boron application affected by heat stress due to late planting dates. Journal of Crops Improvement. 18(1): 55-67. (In Persian).
Morrison, M.J., and D.W. Stewart. 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer brassica. Crop Sciences. 42: 797–803.
Mozafari, S., H. Pirdashti, M.A. Esmaili, V. Ramea, A. Heidarzade, and S.R. Mostafavian. 2010. Effect of planting date and source - sink limitation on grain yield and yield components in three rape seed (Brassica napus) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 12(4): 482-498. (In Persian).
Ozer, H. 2003. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy. 19: 453-463.
Rahnema, A., and A. Bakhshande. 2005. Effect of sowing dates and direct seeding and transplanting methods on agronomic characteristics, and grain yield of canola under Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 7(4): 324-336. (In Persian).
Safikhani, S., A. Biabani, A. Faraji, A. Rahimi-karizaki, and A. Gholizadeh. 2019. Study of phenological and physiolpgical traits associated with the seed yield in different canola (Brassica napus) cultivars. Plant Production Technology. 11(1): 161-172. (In Persian).
Sylvester-Bradley, R., and R.J. Makepeace. 1984. A code for stage of development in oilseed Rape (Brassica napus). Aspects of Applied Biology. 6: 399-419.
Young, L.W., R.W. Wilen, and P.C. Bonham-Smith. 2004. High temperature stress of Brassica napus during flowering reduces micro- and megagametophyte fertility, induces fruit abortion and disrupts seed production. Journal of Experimental Botany. 55(396): 485-495.
Zareei Siahbidi, A., A. Rezaeizad, A. Asgari, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2021. Evaluation of the response of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to delay sowing dates. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(58): 251-264. (In Persian).
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Brunel-Muguet, S., Ph. D’Hooghe, M. Bataille, C. Larre, T. Kim, J. Trouverie, J. Avice, Ph. Etienne, and C. Durr. 2015. Heat stress during seed filling interferes with sulfur restriction on grain composition and seed germination in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Frontiers in Plant Science. 6(213): 1-12.
Doori, S., M.R. Moradi Telavat, S.A. Siadat, and A. Bakhshandeh. 2015. Effect of delayed planting and foliar application of nitrogen on canola seed and oil yield in Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 17(2): 128-138. (In Persian).
Fallah Heki, M.H., A. Yadavi, M. Movahhedi Dehnavi, and M. Bonyadi. 2012. Effect of planting date on physiological and morphological characteriistics of four canola cultivars in Yasouj. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2(4): 53-66. (In Persian).
Fani, E., M. Nabipour, and A.Kh. Danaei. 2010. Study the effects of heat and drought at the end of the season on yield and yield components of sixteen canola varieties. Journal of Plant Production. 17(3): 67-79. (In Persian).
Faraji, A., N. Latifi, A. Soltani, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2009. Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 132-140.
Farooq, M., H. Bramley, J.A. Palta, and H.M. Siddique. 2011. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grain-filling phases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 30: 1–17.
Foroughi, A., A. Biabani, A. Rahemi Karizaki, and Gh.A. Rassam. 2019. Investigation the physiological traits associated with canola (Brassica napus) genotypes yield improvement. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 17 (1): 53-73. (In Persian).
Gan, Y., S.V. Angadi, H. Cutforth, D. Potts, V.V. Angadi, and C.L. McDonald. 2004. Canola and mustard response to short periods of temperature and water stress at different developmental stages. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 84: 697-404.
Ghobadi, M., A. Bakhshandeh, Gh. Fathi, M.H. Gharineh, Kh. Alami-Saeed, and A. Naderi. 2006. Effects of sowing date and heat stress during flowering on yield and yield components in canola (Brassica napus) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 8(1): 46-57. (In Persian).
Hassanuzzaman, M., K. Nahar, M.M. Alam, R. Roychowdhury, and M. Fujita. 2013. Review: physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14: 9643-9684.
KalantarAhmadi, S.A., A. Ebadi, S.A. Siadat, and H. Tavakoli Hasanaklou. 2014. Effect of heat stress due to sowing date on grain yield of rapeseed cultivars in North Khuzestan conditions in Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 16(1): 62-76. (In Persian).
Khamadi, F., M.H. Gharineh, and A. Bakhshandeh. 2014. Influence of sowing dates on yield and yield component of rape forage cultivars under Ahvaz condition. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 104: 22-28. (In Persian).
Khayat, M., and M. Gohari. 2009. Planting date effect on yield, seed yield, growth index and phonologic traits canola (Brassica napus) genotypes in Ahvaz condition. New Finding in Agriculture. 3(3): 233-248. (In Persian).
Mirzaei, M., Sh. Dashti, M. Absalan, A. Siadat, and Gh. Fathi. 2011. Study the effect of planting dates on the yield, yield components and oil content of canola cultivars (Brassica napus) in Dehloran rejoin. Journal of Crop Production. 3(2): 159-176. (In Persian).
Moradi Telavat, M., Z. Kazemi, and S.A. Siadat. 2016. Canola physiological, growth and yield response to boron application affected by heat stress due to late planting dates. Journal of Crops Improvement. 18(1): 55-67. (In Persian).
Morrison, M.J., and D.W. Stewart. 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer brassica. Crop Sciences. 42: 797–803.
Mozafari, S., H. Pirdashti, M.A. Esmaili, V. Ramea, A. Heidarzade, and S.R. Mostafavian. 2010. Effect of planting date and source - sink limitation on grain yield and yield components in three rape seed (Brassica napus) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 12(4): 482-498. (In Persian).
Ozer, H. 2003. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy. 19: 453-463.
Rahnema, A., and A. Bakhshande. 2005. Effect of sowing dates and direct seeding and transplanting methods on agronomic characteristics, and grain yield of canola under Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 7(4): 324-336. (In Persian).
Safikhani, S., A. Biabani, A. Faraji, A. Rahimi-karizaki, and A. Gholizadeh. 2019. Study of phenological and physiolpgical traits associated with the seed yield in different canola (Brassica napus) cultivars. Plant Production Technology. 11(1): 161-172. (In Persian).
Sylvester-Bradley, R., and R.J. Makepeace. 1984. A code for stage of development in oilseed Rape (Brassica napus). Aspects of Applied Biology. 6: 399-419.
Young, L.W., R.W. Wilen, and P.C. Bonham-Smith. 2004. High temperature stress of Brassica napus during flowering reduces micro- and megagametophyte fertility, induces fruit abortion and disrupts seed production. Journal of Experimental Botany. 55(396): 485-495.
Zareei Siahbidi, A., A. Rezaeizad, A. Asgari, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2021. Evaluation of the response of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to delay sowing dates. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(58): 251-264. (In Persian).