برهمکنش کودهای نیتروژنه با تراکم کشت بر ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزا (Brassica napus L)
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
بهنام حسینی نسب
1
,
فرهاد مهاجری
2
,
محمدرحیم اوجی
3
,
مهدی مدندوست
4
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/16
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/05
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01
کلید واژه:
ایران,
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی,
فسا,
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات,
واحد فسا,
چکیده مقاله :
مصرف کود نیتروژن و انتخاب تراکم بهینه از جمله عوامل مهم بهزراعی در افزایش عملکرد محصول کلزا محسوب می شوند. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات کودهای نیتروژنه و تراکم کشت بر برخی ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کلزا، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1398-1397 در منطقهی ششده شهرستان فسا اجرا شد. عامل کودهای نیتروژنه در 12 سطح شامل F1: اوره (توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت و ساقهدهی، F2: اوره (توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت، ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، F3: اوره (توصیهی کودی) ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، F4: اوره (زیر توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت و ساقهدهی، F5: اوره (زیر توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت، ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، F6: اوره (زیر توصیهی کودی) ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، F7: سولفات آمونیوم (توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت و ساقه دهی، F8: سولفات آمونیوم (توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت، ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، F9: سولفاتآمونیوم (توصیهی کودی) ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، F10: سولفات آمونیوم (زیر توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت و ساقهدهی، F11: سولفات آمونیوم (زیر توصیهی کودی) قبل از کاشت، ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، F12: سولفات آمونیوم (زیر توصیهی کودی) ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی و عامل تراکم در سه سطح شامل 50، 70 و 90 بوته در متر مربع بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر کود بر تعداد خورجین در شاخهی فرعی و بوته در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنیدار بود. اثر تراکم کاشت بر وزن هزار دانه در سطح احتمال 5 درصد و بر عملکرد کل بوته، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار شد. استفاده از کود سولفات آمونیوم (زیر توصیهی کودی) در مراحل ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی، بیشترین تعداد خورجین در شاخهی فرعی (48.6 عدد در هر شاخهی فرعی) و تعداد خورجین در هر بوته (73.5 عدد در بوته) را داشت. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه (به ترتیب 12840 و 4258 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، در تراکم کاشت 50 بوته در متر مربع به دست آمد. تراکم 50 نسبت به 70 از نظر عملکرد دانه، به طور معنیداری بالاتر بود. در مجموع تراکم 50 بوته در متر مربع و استفاده از سولفات آمونیوم به میزان توصیه شده در مراحل ساقهدهی و غنچهدهی بیشترین عملکرد کلزا را به همراه داشت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Nitrogen fertilizer application and optimal density are important factors in increasing yield of canola. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizers and plant density on some physiological characteristics, yield and yield components of Canola, as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sheshdeh region of Fasa in 2018-2019. Nitrogen fertilizer factor in 12 levels including a1: urea (recommended) before planting and stem elongation, a2: urea (recommended) before planting, stem elongation and heading, a3: urea (recommended) in stem elongation and heading, a4: urea ( under recommended) before planting and stem elongation a5: urea (under recommended) before planting, stem elongation and heading, a6: urea (under recommended) in stem elongation and heading, a7: ammonium sulfate (recommended) before planting and stem elongation, a8: ammonium sulfate (recommended) before planting, stem elongation and heading, a9: ammonium sulfate (recommended) in stem elongation and heading, a10: ammonium sulfate ( under recommended) before planting and stem elongation a11: ammonium sulfate (under recommended) before planting, stem elongation and heading, a12: ammonium sulfate (under recommended) stemming and heading and density factor in three levels 50, 70 and 90 plants m-2. Results showed that the effect of fertilizer on number of Raceme per subbranch and per plant was significant at 5% level and the effect of plant density on 1000 seed weight, total plant weight, seed yield and oil yield was significant. Ammonium sulfate (following fertilizer recommendation) had the highest number of Raceme per subbranch (48.6 per subbranch) and raceme per plant (73.5 per plant) in the shoot and bud stages. The highest biological and grain yield (12840 and 4258 kg.ha-1, respectively) were obtained at plant density of 50 plants.m-2. density 50 was significantly higher than 70 in terms of grain yield. Overally, the density of 50 plants.m-2 and the use of ammonium sulfate in the shoot and bud stages had the highest yield of Canola.
منابع و مأخذ:
Angadi, S.V., H.W. Cutforth, B.G. Mc Conkey, and Y. Gan .2003. Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant population under semiarid conditions. Crop Science. 43: 1358-1366.
Anjum, M.M., M.M. ZahirAfridi, K. Owais, I. Akhtar, S.H. Kamran Khan, and M. Zahid. 2016. Foliar spray of ammonium sulphate on yield and yield components of canola. International Journal of Current Trends in Pharmacobiology and Medical Sciences. 1(1): 24-36.
Anonymous, 2018. Agricultural Jihad Statistics. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad Press. 90 p.
Azimi Sooran, S., H. Amirshekari, A.H. ShiraniRad, J. Mozaffari, and M.H. Fotokian. 2019. Influence of drought stress and application of ammonium sulfate on quality of rapeseed oil. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 54: 105-112.
Biljili, U., M. Sincik, A. Uzan, and E. Acikgoz. 2010. The influence of row spacing and seeding rate on seed yield and yield component of forage turnip (Brassica napus ). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 189(4): 250- 254.
Fathi, GH., H. Bani Saeidi, A. Siadat, and F. Ebrahimpour .2002. Effect of different nitrogen levels and plant density on yield of canola PF7045 under Khuzestan climatic conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. 25(1): 57-43. (In Persian).
Gan, A. 2003. Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant population under semiarid conditions. Crop Science. 43: 1358-1366.
Ganjali, A., S. Malekzadeh, and A. Bagheri. 2000. Effect of plant population and planting pattern on trend of growth indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Neishabour region. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 12(9): 33-41.
Hartman, M.D., S.R. Jeffrey. 2020. Estimating the economic optimal target density of hybrid canola based on data from a western Canadian meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 101 (3): 67-77.
Jackson, G.D. 2000. Effects of nitrogen and sulfur on canola yield and nutrient uptake. Agronomy Journal. 92: 644-649.
Khan, T.A., R. Norton, R. Edis, C.H. Walker, and D. Chen. 2011. Comparing N and S sources to improve yield and nutrient efficiency in canola cropping systems in south-eastern Australia. 17th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas. P 240-245.
Koocheki, A. and G. Sarmadnia. 2006. Crop Physiology (Translated). Mashhad Jihad University Press, 400pp. (In Persian).
Liu, Q.T., B.Y. Rena, X. Zhang, R.C. Lia, P.J. Whitec, and J. Lua .2019. Yield loss of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) under nitrogen deficiency is associated with under-regulation of plant population density. European Journal of Agronomy. 103: 80-90.
Majidian, M., T. Shoja, and M. Rabiei. 2013. Effect of sulphur, B and Z and their interaction on quality and quantity yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus) as second culturing. Journal of Plant Production. 38(2): 37-48. (In Persian).
Malek Ahmadi, H., H. Alizade, N. Majnoun Hosseini, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2009. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on yield and some morphological traits of winter colza (Brassica napus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 40(4): 173- 182. (In Persian).
Noormohammadi, G.H., A. Siadat, and A. Kashsni. 2001. Cereal agronomy. University of ShahidChamran Ahvaz. Vol. 1. pp: 446. (In Persian).
Sana, M., A.M. Maleki, M. Saleem, and M. Rafigh. 2003. Comparative yield potential and oil contents of different canola cultivar. Pakistan Journal of Agronomy. 2: 1-10.
Sedaghat, H., A.M. Nadeem, and H. Tanveer .2003. Physiogenetic aspects of drought tolerance in canola. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 4: 611-621.
Schnug, S., and S. Haneklaus.2005. Sulphur deficienc symptoms in oilseed rape ( napus L.)- The aesthetics of starvation. Phyton. 45: 79- 95.
Sidlauskas, G., and S. Bernotas. 2003. Some factors affecting seed yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Agronomy Research. 1(2): 229-243.
Taheri, M., A. Golchin, and G.H. Noor Mohammadi. 2006. Evaluation of efficiency and effect of different amounts of urea with sulfur coating and other sources of nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of canola. Journal of Applied Agricultural Knowledge. 20(3): 48-57. (In Persian).
Tolit Abolhasani, M. 2000. Investigation of the effect of planting density and arrangement on agronomic and quality characteristics of winter rapeseed in Mashhad region. Msc Thesis in Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 142p. (In Persian).
Zangani, A., A. Kashani., G. Fathi., and M. Mesgarbashi 2003. Investigation of different levels of nitrogen on the growth process and quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed in Ahvaz region. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 27: 39-45. (In Persian).
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Angadi, S.V., H.W. Cutforth, B.G. Mc Conkey, and Y. Gan .2003. Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant population under semiarid conditions. Crop Science. 43: 1358-1366.
Anjum, M.M., M.M. ZahirAfridi, K. Owais, I. Akhtar, S.H. Kamran Khan, and M. Zahid. 2016. Foliar spray of ammonium sulphate on yield and yield components of canola. International Journal of Current Trends in Pharmacobiology and Medical Sciences. 1(1): 24-36.
Anonymous, 2018. Agricultural Jihad Statistics. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad Press. 90 p.
Azimi Sooran, S., H. Amirshekari, A.H. ShiraniRad, J. Mozaffari, and M.H. Fotokian. 2019. Influence of drought stress and application of ammonium sulfate on quality of rapeseed oil. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 54: 105-112.
Biljili, U., M. Sincik, A. Uzan, and E. Acikgoz. 2010. The influence of row spacing and seeding rate on seed yield and yield component of forage turnip (Brassica napus ). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 189(4): 250- 254.
Fathi, GH., H. Bani Saeidi, A. Siadat, and F. Ebrahimpour .2002. Effect of different nitrogen levels and plant density on yield of canola PF7045 under Khuzestan climatic conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. 25(1): 57-43. (In Persian).
Gan, A. 2003. Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant population under semiarid conditions. Crop Science. 43: 1358-1366.
Ganjali, A., S. Malekzadeh, and A. Bagheri. 2000. Effect of plant population and planting pattern on trend of growth indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Neishabour region. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 12(9): 33-41.
Hartman, M.D., S.R. Jeffrey. 2020. Estimating the economic optimal target density of hybrid canola based on data from a western Canadian meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 101 (3): 67-77.
Jackson, G.D. 2000. Effects of nitrogen and sulfur on canola yield and nutrient uptake. Agronomy Journal. 92: 644-649.
Khan, T.A., R. Norton, R. Edis, C.H. Walker, and D. Chen. 2011. Comparing N and S sources to improve yield and nutrient efficiency in canola cropping systems in south-eastern Australia. 17th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas. P 240-245.
Koocheki, A. and G. Sarmadnia. 2006. Crop Physiology (Translated). Mashhad Jihad University Press, 400pp. (In Persian).
Liu, Q.T., B.Y. Rena, X. Zhang, R.C. Lia, P.J. Whitec, and J. Lua .2019. Yield loss of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) under nitrogen deficiency is associated with under-regulation of plant population density. European Journal of Agronomy. 103: 80-90.
Majidian, M., T. Shoja, and M. Rabiei. 2013. Effect of sulphur, B and Z and their interaction on quality and quantity yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus) as second culturing. Journal of Plant Production. 38(2): 37-48. (In Persian).
Malek Ahmadi, H., H. Alizade, N. Majnoun Hosseini, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2009. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on yield and some morphological traits of winter colza (Brassica napus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 40(4): 173- 182. (In Persian).
Noormohammadi, G.H., A. Siadat, and A. Kashsni. 2001. Cereal agronomy. University of ShahidChamran Ahvaz. Vol. 1. pp: 446. (In Persian).
Sana, M., A.M. Maleki, M. Saleem, and M. Rafigh. 2003. Comparative yield potential and oil contents of different canola cultivar. Pakistan Journal of Agronomy. 2: 1-10.
Sedaghat, H., A.M. Nadeem, and H. Tanveer .2003. Physiogenetic aspects of drought tolerance in canola. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 4: 611-621.
Schnug, S., and S. Haneklaus.2005. Sulphur deficienc symptoms in oilseed rape ( napus L.)- The aesthetics of starvation. Phyton. 45: 79- 95.
Sidlauskas, G., and S. Bernotas. 2003. Some factors affecting seed yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Agronomy Research. 1(2): 229-243.
Taheri, M., A. Golchin, and G.H. Noor Mohammadi. 2006. Evaluation of efficiency and effect of different amounts of urea with sulfur coating and other sources of nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of canola. Journal of Applied Agricultural Knowledge. 20(3): 48-57. (In Persian).
Tolit Abolhasani, M. 2000. Investigation of the effect of planting density and arrangement on agronomic and quality characteristics of winter rapeseed in Mashhad region. Msc Thesis in Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 142p. (In Persian).
Zangani, A., A. Kashani., G. Fathi., and M. Mesgarbashi 2003. Investigation of different levels of nitrogen on the growth process and quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed in Ahvaz region. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 27: 39-45. (In Persian).