پاسخ فیزیولوژیک سالیکورنیای اروپایی (Salicornia europaea L) به نانو ذرات پتاسیم در شرایط زمین های خیلی شور اطراف دریاچه ارومیه
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
علیرضا پیرزاد
1
(دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)
مهدی جبارزاده
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)
کلید واژه: عناصر غذایی, کلروفیل, اسمولیت, سالیکورنیای اروپایی, کارتنوئید, نانوپتاسیم,
چکیده مقاله :
برای بررسی اثر محلول پاشی ذرات نانوپتاسیم بر تنظیم کننده های اسمزی، رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی، مجموع کارتنوئیدها و عناصر غذایی بخش هوایی سالیکورنیای اروپایی، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سال 1391 در زمین های اطراف دریاچه ارومیه در سه تکرار انجــام شد. عـوامل آزمایش شامل غلظت های محلول پاشی در 5 سطح (صفر، 1، 2، 3 و 4 در هزار نانوذرات پتاسیم) و تعداد دفعات محلول پاشی در 3 سطح (یک، دو و سه بار محلول پاشی) اعمال شدند. اثرمتقابل بین تعداد دفعات محلول پاشی و غلظت نانوذرات پتاسیم بر پرولین، قند محلول، کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a و b، مجموع کارتنوئیدها (گزانتوفیل و کاروتن) و عناصر غذایی (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و سدیم) بخش هوایی معنی دار شد. بیشترین مقادیر پرولین (1.84 میلی گرم در گرم ماده خشک) در یک نوبت محلول پاشی 4 در هزار، قند محلول (66.9 میلی گرم در گرم ماده خشک) در سه بار محلول پاشی با غلظت 2 در هزار، کلروفیل کل (26.23 میلی گرم برگرم وزن تر) و کلروفیل b ( م22.85 میلی گرمبرگرم وزن تر) در دو بار محلول پاشی، و کلروفیل a ( م9.93 میلی گرمبرگرم وزن تر) در سه بار محلول پاشی 4 در هزار نانوذرات پتاسیم به دست آمدند. بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن (0.95 درصد) و فسفر بخش هوایی (2.99 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) مربوط به سه نوبت محلول پاشی بود. در حالی که بالاترین مقادیر پتاسیم (65.08 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و سدیم (403 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) در دو نوبت، و بالاترین انباشت کلسیم (29.23 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) درسه نوبت محلول پاشی با غلظت چهار در هزار پتاسیم مشاهده شدند. با وجود تجمع زیاد اسمولیت ها در محلول پاشی پتاسیم، از نظر عناصر غذایی سطوح مختلف محلول پاشی دارای برتری معنی داری نسبت به هم نبودند.
To evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the marginal lands of Lake Urmia in 2012. The treatments consisted of application of potassium nano-particle concentrations at five levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l of K nano-particles) applied, once, twice and three times. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant interaction between the levels and concentrations of potassium nano-particles sprayings on aerial parts with respect to their contents proline, total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids (xanthophyll and carotene) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium). The highest levels of proline (1.84 mg/g dry weight) at one time spraying 4 g/l of K, total soluble carbohydrates (66.9 mg/g dry weight) at three times spraying 4 g/l, total chlorophyll (26.23 mg/g fresh weight) and chlorophyll b (22.85 mg/g fresh weight) at two times of water spraying, and chlorophyll a (9.93 mg/g fresh weight) at three times of 4g/l of potassium nano-particles sprayings were obtained. The highest nitrogen (0.95 % of aerial parts) and phosphorus (2.99 g/kg dry weight of aerial parts) contents were obtained from three times water spraying. However, the highest amounts of aerial plant part of potassium (65.08 g/kg dry weight) and sodium (403 g/kg dry weight) belonged to the two times, and calcium (29.23 g/kg dry weight) to the three times spraying of 4 g/l nano-potassium. Despite of the high concentration of osmolytes by potassium spraying, the nutrient accumulations levels were not significantly different from each other.
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