ارزیابی برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک مؤثر بر عملکرد ژنوتیپ های گندم پاییزه
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
بابک هوشمندی
1
(باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
ورهرام رشیدی
2
(استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: تجزیه علیت, عملکرد دانه, صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک, گندم پاییزه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک مؤثر بر عملکرد ارقام گندم پاییزه، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 92-1391 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش 15 رقم بومی و اصلاح شده گندم پاییزه از لحاظ صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که ژنوتیپ های مورد بررسی از نظر ارتفاع بوته، طول پدانکل، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تراکم سنبله، تعداد پنجه نابارور، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد بیولوژیک و محتوای نسبی آب برگ پرچم اختلاف معنی داری داشتند. همچنین، مشخص شد که صفات تعداد دانه در سنبله، تراکم سنبله، تعداد پنجه بارور، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت و عملکرد بیولوژیک از همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری با عملکرد دانه برخوردار بودند. نتایج تجزیه علیت نشان داد که اثر مستقیم شاخص برداشت و محتوای نسبی آب برگ پرچم بر عملکرد دانه مثبت ولی اثر مستقیم طول سنبله بر عملکرد دانه منفی بود. تجـزیه خوشـه ای به روش WARD، ژنوتیپ ها را در دو گـروه بر اساس صفات مورد نظر گروه بندی کرد و همه ارقام بومی در یک گروه جای گرفتند. ارقام شماره 7، 4 و 13 از لحاظ عملکرد دانه نسبت به دیگر ارقام مورد بررسی، برتر تشخیص داده شدند.
To evaluate the effects of some morphologic and physiologic traits on seed yield of 15 winter wheat genotypes and landraces an experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz branch in 2012-2013. Analysis of variance showed that traits like plant height, peduncle length, spike length, number of kernel spike, spike density, number of unfertile tiller, 1000 kernel weight, seed yield, harvest index, biological yield and relative water content of flag leaf were significant It was also indicated that kernel no. per spike, spike density, fertile tiller no., 1000 kernel weight, harvest index and biological yield were positively correlated with seed yields. Results of path analysis also showed that the direct effect of harvest index and relative water content of flag leaf on grain yield were positive but the direct effect of spike length on grain yield was negative. Cluster analysis of WARD method, divided genotypes into two groups. The results also specified that genotypes 7, 4 and 13 were higher seed yielder than other genotypes.
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