First Language Activation during Second Language Lexical Processing in a Sentential Context
محورهای موضوعی : language teaching
بهرام بهین
1
(Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran)
آسو بایزیدی
2
(Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran)
کلید واژه: Bilingual Lexicon, Lexicalization Pattern, Lexical Processing, polysemy, Translation Equivalent,
چکیده مقاله :
Lexicalization-patterns, the way words are mapped onto concepts, differ from one language to another. This study investigated the influence of first language (L1) lexicalization patterns on the processing of second language (L2) words in sentential contexts by both less proficient and more proficient Persian learners of English. The focus was on cases where two different senses of a polysemous word in Persian are realized by two independent words in English. For example, Persian uses ‘ماه’ to refer to both ‘moon’ and ‘month’ in English. In the present study, the researchers examined the processing of English translations (moon, month) of polysemous Persian words such as ‘ماه’ in a semantic anomaly judgment task. The participants who were two groups of more proficient and less proficient Persian learners of English were presented with two types of anomalous sentences: anomalous test sentences in which one of the two English words (e.g., month) was used in a context where the other word (e.g., moon) was appropriate (e.g., “A pleasant thing to watch at night is a full month”) and anomalous control sentences in which the same word was used in a context where neither of the two words was appropriate (e.g., “A pleasant thing to eat at night is a full month”). The participants were asked to judge, as quickly and accurately as possible, whether the final word could complete the sentence meaningfully (YES response) or whether the final word was semantically unacceptable (NO response). The participants’ reaction time (RT) for correct No responses and their error rates were recorded using DMDX, a psycholinguistics experimentation software package. Using two General Linear Model Repeated Measures, a main effect of sentence type was obtained in the analysis of both RT and errors. Also, there was an interaction between sentence type and proficiency level in the analysis of both RT and errors. The results are discussed in terms of the activation of the semantic specifications of L1 translation equivalent of L2 words.
الگوهای واژه گزینی (شیوه ی ایجاد پیوند بین کلمات و مفاهیم) از زبانی به زبان دیگر متفاوت است. مطالعه ی حاضر تاثیر الگوهای واژه گزینی زبان اول بر پردازش کلمات در زبان دوم را در یک زمینه ی جمله ای مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. تمرکز این تحقیق بر روی مواردی میباشد که در آن دو معنای متفاوت یک کلمه ی چند معنا در فارسی به دو کلمه متفاوت در انگلیسی ترجمه می شوند. مثلا، در زبان فارسی کلمه ی "ماه" بر هر دو مفهوم ماه (آسمان) و ماه (سال) در زبان انگلیسی دلالت میکند. در این مطالعه، پردازش ترجمه های انگلیسی لغات فارسی چند معنا مانند "ماه" در یک آزمون قضاوت نابهنجاری معنایی مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد. شرکت کنندگان در این تحقیق به دو نوع جمله واکنش نشان دادند: جملات نابهنجار آزمایشی که در آن یکی از آن دو کلمه انگلیسی در زمینه ای بکار برده شده است که جای کلمه ی مناسب دیگر را گرفته است، و جملات نابهنجار گواه که در آن همان کلمه در زمینه ای بکار برده شده است که هیچکدام از آن دو کلمه مناسب نبودند. از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد که با حداکثر سرعت و دقت تصمیم بگیرند که آیا کلمه ی آخر میتواند جمله را بطور معنادار تکمیل کند (جواب بلی) و یا اینکه کلمه ی آخر از نظر معنایی غیر قابل قبول است (جواب خیر). زمان واکنش شرکت کنندگان برای جوابهای خیر صحیح و میزان خطای آنها در مورد جوابهای بلی ثبت گردید. هم در تحلیل داده های مربوط به زمان واکنش و هم در تحلیل داده های مربوط به میزان خطا، تاثیر نوع جمله و همچنین تاثیر متقابل بین نوع جمله و سطح بسندگی زبانی شرکت کنندگان مشاهده گردید. نتایج بدست آمده با توجه به فعال سازی ویژگیهای معنایی معادل ترجمه ای زبان اول کلمات زبان دوم مورد بحث قرار گرفته اند. یافته های این مطالعه رهنمودهایی برای روشهای یادگیری و آموزش لغات در زبان دوم بدست میدهند.
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