A Survey on Intercultural Contact (IC) among Iranian EFL Students: Validating a Questionnaire
محورهای موضوعی : English Language Teaching (ELT)بهروز سربخشیان 1 , مهناز سعیدی 2 , توران آهور 3
1 - گروه انگلیسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
2 - گروه انگلیسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
3 - گروه انگلیسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: reliability, validity, EFL students, intercultural contact,
چکیده مقاله :
Intercultural contact (IC) among students has received a great prominence in EFL and ESL contexts in recent years; therefore, this study was an attempt to modify and validate a questionnaire as an instrument to elicit the resources from which Iranian EFL students obtain their IC information. To reach this aim, a modified version of Peng and Wu’s questionnaire with 26 items and five factors was administered among 200 male and female Iranian EFL students from different language institutes in Tabriz, Iran. To determine the reliability and validity of the modified questionnaire, the statistical analyses of the model and fitness of the questionnaire were conducted by SmartPLS3 software. The results of reliability analyses using three measures of Cronbach’s alpha, combined reliability (CR) and average variance extraction (AVE) demonstrated that the questionnaire has a good reliability. Moreover, the results of construct crossvalidated communality (Q²) proved the construct validity of the questionnaire. Additionally, the results of correlation coefficient matrix and p value for all the latent variables demonstrated that all the paths and relationships in the model are significant and the model is a good fit. This study also clarifies the implication of such a questionnaire for ELT and presents some suggestions for future studies.
در سالهای اخیر ارتباط بین فرهنگی در بین دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار شده است. بنابراین این مطالعه تلاش برای اصلاح و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه ای است که به عنوان ابزاری برای استخراج منابعی استفاده شود که دانشجویان زبان خارجه ایرانی اطلاعات بین فرهنگی خود را به دست می آورند. برای رسیدن به این هدف ، نسخه اصلاح شده پرسشنامه پنگ و وو با 26 گزینه و پنج عامل در بین 200 دانشجوی دختر و پسر زبان خارجه ایرانی از موسسات مختلف زبان اجرا شد. برای بدست آوردن پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه اصلاح شده، تحلیل های آماری مدل و برازش پرسشنامه از طریق نرم افزار Smart PLS3 انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل های پایایی با استفاده از سه مقیاس آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی ترکیبی و شاخص متوسط واریانس استخراج شده نشان داد که پرسشنامه دارای پایایی خوبی می باشد. بعلاوه، نتایج شاخص Q² نشانگر روایی سازه پرسشنامه می باشد. همچنین نتایج ماتریس ضریب همبستگی و مقادیر p برای همه متغییرهای پنهان نشان می دهد که همه مسیرها و روابط مدل معنی دار هستند و مدل دارای برازش مناسبی می باشد. این مطالعه همچنین کاربرد چنین پرسشنامه ای را در آموزش زبان انگلیسی آشکار می کند و پیشنهاداتی را برای مطالعات آینده ارائه می دهد.
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