A Genre Analysis of Research Abstracts of Master of Arts Theses Written by TEFL Students from the University of Tehran and Islamic Azad University of Gorgan
محورهای موضوعی : language teaching
علی درخشان
1
(Department of English Language and Literature, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran)
عاطفه نادی
2
(Department of English Language Teaching, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran)
کلید واژه: move, step, Genre Analysis, Research Abstracts,
چکیده مقاله :
Following Swales’ (1981) definition of genre analysis many scholars have attempted to characterize good academic writing; however, this can be difficult and worrying for non-native writers. Since a well-written abstract encourages readers more effectively, the present study intended to find differences in the rhetorical structures of abstracts by TEFL students from the University of Tehran (UT) and Islamic Azad University of Gorgan (IAUG). To meet this end, 100 abstracts (50 abstracts by TEFL students from UT and 50 abstracts by TEFL students from IAUG) were randomly selected. Swales’ (1981) IMRD (Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion) and Swales’ (1990) CARS (Created A Research Space) models were employed to recognize the rhetorical structure of the abstracts. Then, the frequencies and sequences of moves and steps were calculated using chi-square to find the differences. The results revealed that there were significant differences between the abstracts by TEFL students from UT and IAUG. The findings indicated that TEFL students from IAUG followed the IMRD and CARS more than TEFL students from UT. The findings of this study have some pedagogical implications for both non-native writers and postgraduate students as well as English academic writing teachers and students.
شماری از پژوهشگران، ضمن استناد به تعریف پیشنهادی سوولز[1] (1981) از تحلیل سبکشناختی، اقدام به شناسایی مشخصات یک نوشتار آکادمیک مرغوب کردهاند؛ این در حالیاست که تدوین و تألیف یک نوشتار مرغوب برای نویسندگان غیربومیزبان، امری بسیار دشوار و نگرانکننده تلقی میشود. از آنجاییکه یک چکیدهی با کیفیت میتواند خواننده را ترغیب به ادامهی خواندش کند، ما پژوهش حاضر را با هدف شناسایی تفاوتها و تمایزات موجود در ساختارهای بلاغی چکیدههای پایاننامههای دانشجویان کارشناسیارشد رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاه تهران (UT) و دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان (IAUG) به تألیف رساندهایم. بدین منظور، تعداد 100 چکیده (50 چکیده از پایاننامهی دانشجویان کارشناسیارشد دانشگاه تهران و 50 چکیده از پایاننامهی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان) را به صورت تصادفی انتخاب کردیم. مدلهای IMRD (1991) (مقدمه، روششناسی، نتایج و بحثتکمیلی[2]) و CARS (1990) (ساخت یک فضای پژوهشی[3]) که هر دو توسط سوولز طراحی شدهاند، با هدف بازشناسایی ساختار بلاغی و زبانی چکیدههای مذکور مورد استناد قرار گرفتهاند. متعاقباً، بسامد و توالی حرکات و گامها را با استفاده از chi-squareمحاسبه کردیم تا تفاوتها و تمایزات میان چکیدهها را شناسایی کنیم. نتایج به دستآمده نشان دادند که میان چکیدههای پایاننامههای دانشجویان این دو دانشگاه، تفاوتهای معنادار وجود داشتهاست. برطبق این نتایج، دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، از مدل IMRD و CARS بیشتر از دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران استفاده کردهاند. یافتههای حاصل از این پژوهش، حاوی برخی مضامین آموزشی برای نویسندگان غیربومی و دانشجویان فارغالتحصیل و همچنین مدرسان و دانشجویانی که به تألیف نوشتارهای آکادمیک انگلیسیزبان مشغول هستند، میباشند.
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