Pragmatic Representations in Iranian High School English Textbooks
محورهای موضوعی : English Language Teaching (ELT)Elaheh Zaferanieh 1 , سید محمد حسینی معصوم 2
1 - English Department of the University of Isfahan
2 - Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payam Noor University
کلید واژه: Pragmatic Representation, text books, speech acts, Language Functions,
چکیده مقاله :
Owing to the growing interest in communicative, cultural and pragmatic aspects of second language learning in recent years, the present study tried to investigate representations of pragmatic aspects of English as a foreign language in Iranian high school textbooks. Using Halliday’s (1978), and Searle’s (1976) models, different language functions and speech acts were specifically determined and examined in high school textbooks. The results indicated that there were major insufficiencies in pragmatic representations in these books. These problems were related to inadequate coverage of different speech acts and language functions, lack of authenticity in the dialogues, inappropriate simplifications and reductions, lack of grading, unsystematic presentations, providing no meta-pragmatic information, and presenting English speech acts embedded in dialogues with Iranian culture, religion, and norms. The results indicate that material developers and textbook designers need to consider these aspects to help learners to be able to learn second language more efficiently and appropriately.
به دلیل افزایش روز افزون علاقه ی محققان به جنبه های محاوره ای، فرهنگی و منظورشناسی یادگیری زبان دوم در سالهای اخیر، این تحقیق هم سعی کرد تا چگونگی ارایه ی ابعاد منظورشناسی انگلیسی را به عنوان یک زبان خارجی در کنابهای درسی مقطع دبیرستان در ایران مورد بررسی قرار دهد. در این تحقیق، با استفاده از مدلهای سرل و هالیدی، کنش های گفتاری و کارکردهای زبانی مختلف مشخص شد و سپس میزان و چگونگی ارایه ی انها در کتابهای درسی بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که این جنبه های زبانی به اندازه ی کافی و مطلوبی در کتب درسی گنجانده نشده اند. نقایص عمده ی مشخص شده در این مورد عبارت بودند از: عدم پوشش کافی کنش های گفتاری و کارکردهای زبانی، عدم وجود اصالت زبانی در مکالمه ها، ساده سازیها و تغییرات نابجا، فقدان وجود درجه بندی ابعاد زبانی ارایه شده از ساده به سخت، ارایه ی غیر سیستماتیک مطالب، نبود اطلاعات و توضیحات مستقیم در مورد کنشهای گفتاری مختلف، و تطابق داشتن کنشهای گفتاری موجود در متن ها با فرهنگ، مذهب و رسوم ایرانی به جای مطابقت داشتن با فرهنگ و نرم های زبان دوم. نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد که طراحان و تهیه کنندگان کتب درسی باید این موارد را در نظر بگیرند تا بتوانند به فراگیران در مورد استفاده درست، بجا و موثر از زبان دوم کمک بیشتری کنند
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