بررسی میزان فلزات سنگین در عضله و روغن ماهی سفید، کیلکای معمولی و کفال پوزه باریک
محورهای موضوعی :
علوم و صنایع غذایی
سارا صالحی بوربان
1
,
مریم قراچورلو
2
,
فریبا زمانی
3
1 - کارشناس ارشد صنایع غذایی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - مربی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/15
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/16
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/01
کلید واژه:
فلزات سنگین,
ماهی سفید,
ماهی کیلکا,
روغن ماهی,
ماهی کفال پوزه باریک,
چکیده مقاله :
آلودگی محیط های آبی به فلزات سنگین و پتانسیل تجمع زیستی این آلاینده‌ها به‌عنوان یک خطر جدی از مدت ها پیش مورد توجه بوده است. این آلاینده ها در بدن آبزیان تجمع می یابند و سپس از طریق زنجیره غذایی به بدن انسان منتقل می شوند. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، سرب، آرسنیک و جیوه و فلزات آهن و مس در عضله و روغن ماهی سفید، کفال و کیلکا بود. برای این منظور سه نمونه ماهی سفید، کفال پوزه باریک و کیلکای معمولی از منطقه محمود آباد صید شد. قسمتی از عضله توسط فریز درایر خشک و قسمتی دیگر به‌منظور استخراج روغن استفاده شد. سپس با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکترومتری جذب اتمی و Mercury Analyzer میزان فلزات سنگین در عضله و روغن ماهی تعیین شد. نتایج بدست آمده در مورد عضله نشان داد که بیشترین میزان جیوه (018/0±347/0)، کادمیوم (001/0±08/0)، مس (059/0±2156/1) و آهن (231/0±643/2) در ماهی سفید و بیشترین میزان سرب (015/0±3593/0) و آرسنیک (001/0±0892/0) در ماهی کفال تجمع یافته است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد در بین فلزات مورد مطالعه در روغن ماهی، بیشترین میزان مربوط به سرب و جیوه است. به‌طور کلی میزان فلزات وارد شده به روغن بسیار کمتر از عضله است. در مجموع می توان گفت میزان فلزات سنگین در نمونه های مورد بررسی پایین تر و یا نزدیک به استانداردهای جهانی است. بنابراین مصرف آن ها برای مصرف کننده مشکلی ایجاد نمی کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Heavy metal pollution in marine environments and the potential for bioaccumulation of contaminants have been considered as a serious threat for a long time. These contaminants accumulate in fish body and then transferred through the food chain to humans. The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metals cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury and copper and iron metals in muscle and fish oil (Rutilus frisii kutum ،Clupeonella cultriventris ،Liza saliens). Three samples of Rutilus frisii kutum ،Clupeonella cultriventris and Liza saliens were caught in Mahmoud Abad area. One part of the muscle was dried by freeze drying method and another part was used to extract the oil. Then, using the atomic absorption spectrometric and Mercury Analyzer heavy metals concentrations were determined in muscle and fish oil. The results of muscle showed the highest accumulation of mercury (0.347±0.018), cadmium (0.08±0.001), copper (1.2156±0.059) and iron (2.643±0.231) in Rutilus frisii kutum and the highest level of lead (0.3593±0.015) and arsenic (0.0892±0.001) in Liza saliens. Moreover, in the fish oils samples, lead and mercury had the highest concentrations. The heavy metals in the samples were lower than or close to international standards. Therefore, their use does not pose a health problem for the consumers.
منابع و مأخذ:
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· Wu, T. and Bechtel, P. (2008). Salmon by-product storage and oil extraction. Food Chemistry, 111: 868–871.
· Watson, R. and Meester, F. (2014). Omega-3 fatty acids in brain and neurological health. e.Book. chapter 36.
· Yaghobzadeh, Y., Hossein-Nezhad, M., Asadi-Shiran, G. and Pourali, M. (2014). An investigation of lead concentration in Rutilus frisii kutum form Caspian Sea; case study of Bandar Anzali and Roodsar, Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 23(110): 102–108 [In Persian].
· Yilmaz, F., Ozdemir, N., Demirak, A. and Tuna, A. (2007). Heavy metal levels in two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus. Food Chemistry, 100: 830–835.
Zarei, M., Asadi, A. and M. Zarei, Sh. (2011). Levels of some heavy metal concentration in fish’s tissue of southern Caspian Sea. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(26): 6220-6225.
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· Amini Ranjbar, G.H. and Sotoudehnia, F. (2005). Investigation of heavy metal accumulation in muscle tissue of Mugil auratus in relation to standard length, weight, age and sex. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 14: 1–18 [In Persian].
· Alturiqi, A. and Albedair, L. (2012). Evaluation of some heavy metals in certain fish, meat and meat products in Saudi Arabian markets Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 38: 45–49.
· Anonymous. (2014a). Animal Tissue. Application Note HPR-CL-02.URL: http://www.milestonesci.com/resource-section/category/33-Clinical.html. Monday - 2014 08 December.
· Anonymous. (2014b). Vegetable oil. Application Note HPR-FO-51. URL: http://www.milestonesci.com/resource-section/category/37-Food.html.Monday- 2014 08 December.
· Anonymous. (2014c). Fresh Fish Tissue. Application Note HG/FO 18.URL: http://www.milestonesci.com/resource-section/category/14-Food.html?Feed. Monday - 2014 08 December.
· Babaei, H. and Khodaprast, S.H. (2009). Study on the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd and Hg) concentrations in Anzali Wetland outlets. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch, 1(1): 33-45 [In Persian].
· Bandani, Gh.A., Khoshbavar Rostami, H.A., Yelghi, S., Shokrzadeh, M., and Nazari, H. (2011). Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Zn, and Pb) in muscle and liver tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from coastal waters of Golestan Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 19: 4 [In Persian]
· Burger, J., Gochfeld, M. (2005). Heavy metals in commercial fish in New Jersey. Environmental Research, 99: 403–412
· Elsagh, A. (2010). Determination of some heavy metals in Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio fillet from south Caspian Sea. Veterinary Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 89: 33–44 [In Persian].
· Eneji, I.S, Sha Ato R. and Annune, P.A. (2011). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish (Tilapia zilli and Clarias gariepinus) organs from river Benue, North - Central Nigeria. Environmental Chemistry. 12, 1–2.
· Gharaei, A., Esmaili-Sari, A. and Jafari-shamoshaki, V. (2009). Bioaccumulation trends of Methylmercuty (MeHg) in different tissues of Beluga (Huso huso Brandt, 1869). Iranian Journal of Biology, 4(22): 619-625 [In Persian].
· Heidary, S., Imanpour Namin, J. and Monsefrad, F. (2012). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Hg in muscles and liver of the stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) in the Caspian Sea and their correlation with growth parameters. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 11(2): 325–337
· Hussein, A. and Khaled, A. (2014). Determination of metals in tuna species and bivalves from Alexandria, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40: 9–17.
· Kalani, N., Riazi, B., Karbasi, A.B. and Moatar, F. (2014). Check heavy metal (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni) in muscle Liza saliens and health risk assessment resulting from its use for human. Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries, 5(17): 65–79 [In Persian].
· Khoshnoud, M., Mobini, K., Javidnia, K., Hosseinkhezri, P. and Aeen Jamshid, Kh. (2011). Heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg) contents and fatty acids ratios in two fish species (Scomberomorus commerson and Otolithes ruber) of the Persian gulf. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Summer: 7(3): 191–196.
· Khoddami, A., Ariffin, A.A., Bakar, J. and Ghazali, H.M. (2009). Fatty acid profile of the oil extracted from fish waste (head, intestine and liver) (Sardinella lemuru). World Applied Sciences Journal, 7 (1): 127–131.
· Metwally, M.A.A. and Fouad, I.M. (2008). Biochemical changes induced by heavy metal pollution in marine fishes at Khomse coast, Libya. Global Veterinaria, 2 (6): 308–311.
· Mohammadi, M., Habibi, Z., Dezvarei, Sh., Yousefi, M. and Ashjari, M. (2014). Selective enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids by hydrolysis of fish oil using immobilized and stabilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase preparations. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 504: 8.
· Mashroofeh, A., Riyahi Bakhtiari, A., Pourkazemi, M. and Rasouli. S. (2013). Bioaccumulation of Cd, Pb and Zn in the edible and inedible tissues of three sturgeon species in the Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea. Chemosphere, 90: 573–580.
· Ndanu, T.H.A. (1998). Heavy metal pollution of fish and fish oils from some coastal and inland waters of Ghana. A thesis submitted to the Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana-Legon.
· Nasrollahzadeh Saravi, H., Pourgholam, R., Pourang, N., Rezaei, M., Makhlough, A. and Unesipour, H. (2013). Heavy metal concentrations in edible tissue of Cyprinus carpio and its target hazard quotients in the Southern Iranian Caspian Sea coast. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 23(103): 33–44 [In Persian].
· Najm, M., Shokrzadeh, M., Fakhar, M., Sharif, M., Hosseini, S.M., Rahimi-Esboei, B., et al., (2014). Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) in the tissues of Clupeonella cultriventris and Gasterosteus aculeatus from Babolsar coastal waters of Mazandaran Province, Caspian Sea. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 24(113): 185–192 [In Persian].
· Shahryari, A., Golfirozy, K. and Noshin, Sh. (2010). Muscular concentration of cadmium and lead in carp, mullet and kutum of the Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 19(2): 95–100 [In Persian].
· Saei-Dehkordi, S.S, Fallah, A.A. and Nematollahi, A. (2010). Arsenic and mercury in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf: Influence of season and habitat. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48 (2010) 2945–2950
· Shah, A., Gul Kazi, T., Ahmed Baig, J., Balal Arain, M., Imran Afridi, H., Abbas Kandhro, G., et al. (2010). Determination of inorganic arsenic species (As3+ and As5+) in muscle tissues of fish species by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Food Chemistry, 19(2): 840–844.
· Tabari, S., Saeedi Saravi, S.S., A Bandany, Gh., Dehghan and A., Shokrzadeh, M. (2010). Heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) in fish, water and sediments sampled form Southern Caspian Sea, Iran. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 26(10): 649–656.
· Wu, T. and Bechtel, P. (2008). Salmon by-product storage and oil extraction. Food Chemistry, 111: 868–871.
· Watson, R. and Meester, F. (2014). Omega-3 fatty acids in brain and neurological health. e.Book. chapter 36.
· Yaghobzadeh, Y., Hossein-Nezhad, M., Asadi-Shiran, G. and Pourali, M. (2014). An investigation of lead concentration in Rutilus frisii kutum form Caspian Sea; case study of Bandar Anzali and Roodsar, Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 23(110): 102–108 [In Persian].
· Yilmaz, F., Ozdemir, N., Demirak, A. and Tuna, A. (2007). Heavy metal levels in two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus. Food Chemistry, 100: 830–835.
Zarei, M., Asadi, A. and M. Zarei, Sh. (2011). Levels of some heavy metal concentration in fish’s tissue of southern Caspian Sea. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(26): 6220-6225.
