نقش واسطهای فراشناخت بین کارکردهای اجرایی و یادگیری خودتنظیم در دانشآموزان
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی تربیتی
1 - گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران
کلید واژه: فراشناخت, یادگیری خودتنظیم, کارکردهای اجرایی,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین نقش واسطهای فراشناخت بین کارکردهای اجرایی و یادگیری خودتنظیم در دانشآموزان انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع مطالعات همبستگی به روش تحلیل معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه دانشآموزان مقطع متوسطه اول شهر ماکو به تعداد 5000 نفر بود. از این جامعه، تعداد 370 نفر به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای مرحلهای با استفاده از فرمول اسلووین انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمعآوری اطلاعات شامل آزمونهای دسته بندی کارت های ویسکانسین (WCST)، خودتنظیمی برای یادگیری (MSLQ) و باورهای فراشناختی (MCQ) بود. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل معادلات ساختاری انجام شد. تحلیل دادهها نشان داد که مسیر مستقیم از کارکردهای اجرایی به یادگیری خودتظیم، و باورهای فراشناختی، و مسیر مستقیم از باورهای فراشناختی به یادگیری خودتنظیم از نظر آماری معنیدار بودند. همچنین، کارکرد اجرایی بصورت غیرمستقیم از طریق فراشناخت به شیوه منفی یادگیری خودتنظیم را پیشبینی میکند. با توجه به نتایج میتوان مطرح ساخت که کارکردهای اجرایی بطور مستقیم و همچنین به صورت غیرمستقیم از طریق فراشناخت نقش مهمی در یادگیری خودتنظیم دانش آموزان دارد.
The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of metacognition between executive functions and self-regulated learning in students. This research was a correlation study using structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the study included all junior high school students in Mako city of 5000 people. From this population, 370 people were selected by stepwise cluster sampling using Sloven formula. Data collection tools included Wisconsin Card Classification Test (WCST), Self-Regulated Learning (MSLQ), and Metacognitive Beliefs (MCQ). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and structural equation analysis. Data analysis showed that the direct path from executive functions to self-regulated learning, and metacognitive beliefs, and the direct path from metacognitive beliefs to self-regulated learning were statistically significant. Also, executive function indirectly predicts self-regulated learning through metacognition (p <0.05). According to the results, it can be argued that executive functions directly and also indirectly through metacognition play an important role in students' self-regulated learning
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شکل (1) ضرایب تاثیر کارکردهای اجرایی بر یادگیری خودتنظیم از طریق باورهای فراشناختی Figure (1) Coefficients of the effect of executive functions on self-regulated learning through metacognitive beliefs
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Bellon, E., Fias, W., De., & Smedt, B. (2019). More than number sense: The additional role of executive functions and metacognition in arithmetic. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, (182): 38-60.
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Cárdenas-Robledo, L. A., & Peña-Ayala, A. (2019). A holistic self-regulated learning model: A proposal and application in ubiquitous-learning. Expert Systems with Applications, (123)(1): 299-314.
Carini, M., Kuh, G. D., & Klein, S. P. (2015). Student engagement and student learning: testing the linkages. Research in Higher Education, 47(1): 1-32. 17.
Cavallaro, R., Cavedini, P., Mistretta, P., Bassi, T., Angelone, S. M., Ubbiali, A, et al. (2003). Basal-corticofrontal circuits in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled, double dissociation study. Biological Psychiatry. 4(54): 437-443.
Ceylan, E, & Harputlu, L. (2015). Metacognition in reading comprehension. The Literacy Trek,1(1): 5-14.
Cirino, P. T., Miciak, J., Gerst, E., Barnes, M. A., Vaughn, S., Child, A., & Huston-Warren, E. (2017). Executive Function, Self-Regulated Learning, and Reading Comprehension: A Training Study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50(4): 450–467.
Delavar, A., Ismaili, N., Hasanvandi, S., & Hassanvand, B. (2015). Investigating the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and types of goal orientation with students' academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 36(11): 75-57 [In Persian].
Dortaj, F., & Afsharian, N. (2016). Evaluating the factor structure of the Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire in Iranian students. Journal of Educational Measurement, 6(23): 43-23 [In Persian].
English, M. C., & Kitsantas, A. (2013). Supporting student self-regulated learning in problemand project-based learning. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 7(2): 150-128.
Essa Nejad, O., & Alidadi, H. (2017). The relationship between learning self-regulation and metacognitive reading strategies with second language learning problems in bilingual students (structural model fit). Journal of Health Psychology and Psychiatry, 5(5): 29-15 [In Persian].
Esmaili, M., Zare, H., Alipour, A., & Oraki, M. (2017). Modeling the relationship between executive dysfunction and dysfunctional problem solving in people with major depression: The mediating role of more holistic narrative memory. Journal of Neuropsychology, 4(1): 60-45 [In Persian].
Firoozi, Setareh., Ebrahimi Ghavam, Soghari., Dartaj, Fariborz. (2011). Comparison of executive functions based on test anxiety in fifth grade elementary students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 12(1): 85-77 [In Persian].
Garner, J. (2009). Conceptualizing the relations between executive functions and self-regulated learning. Journal of Psychology, 4(143): 405- 426.
Ghasemi Fard Vasheh, L. (2015). Comparison of cognitive disorders, psychological response and cognitive emotion regulation in people with borderline personality disorder and normal people. Master Thesis in General Psychology, Payame Noor University, Alkan-Berlin Overseas Branch [In Persian].
Gyurak, A., Goodkind, MS., Madan, A., Kramer, J. H., Miller, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (2009). Do tests of executive functioning predict ability to downregulate emotions spontaneously and when instructed to suppress. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 9(2): 144-52.
Hofmann, W., Schmeichel, B. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2012). Executive functions and self-regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16(3): 174-80.
Hong, E. (2020). Metacognition. Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral.
Howard, S. J., & Vasseleu, E. (2020). Self-Regulation and Executive Function Longitudinally Predict Advanced Learning in Preschool. Frontiers In Psychology,11(49) doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00049
Hughes, C. (2011). Changes and challenges in 20 years of research into the development of executive functions. Infant and Child Development, 20(3): 251-71.
Irak, M., Çapan, D. (2018). Beliefs about Memory as a Mediator of Relations between Metacognitive Beliefs and Actual Memory Performance. J Gen Psychol. 145(1): 21-44.
Karami, B., Karami, A., & Hashemi, N. (2013). The effectiveness of teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies on creativity, achievement motivation and academic self-concept. Innovation and Creativity in the Humanities, 2(4): 139-121 [In Persian].
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شکل (1) ضرایب تاثیر کارکردهای اجرایی بر یادگیری خودتنظیم از طریق باورهای فراشناختی Figure (1) Coefficients of the effect of executive functions on self-regulated learning through metacognitive beliefs
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