Substance Abuse among Young Female Sex Workers in Tehran Metropolitan
محورهای موضوعی :Payam Roshanfekr 1 , Saeed Madani Qahfarokhi 2 , Maryam Ranjbar 3 , Babak Nasiri 4 , Mohammad Ali Mohammadi 5
1 - Assistant Professor, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 - Ph.D., Department of Criminology, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 - Ph.D., Department of Psychology, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 - Ph.D., Department of Education, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 - Assistant Professor, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: Women, Sex work, Drug use,
چکیده مقاله :
Both drug use and sex work considered as serious health and social problems. This study aimed to find the relation between them in young Iranian women. A mixed method of data collection applied from 300 young female sex workers in Tehran and 39 in-depth interviews with key informants. Result show that 84.4 % of participants used drugs before sex work. 46.2% of their fathers and 56.6% of their husbands used drug. 13.6% of these women mothers were sex workers. Evidences stated that priority of drug addiction to sex work cannot be generally determined. This study finding indicated that young women use drugs mostly before sex work; but substance abuse after starting sex work was to reduce the mental and physical sufferings to facilitate working through raising sexual potency and to sink in ecstasy and ignorance meanwhile in most cases to be able to obtain drugs.
Ahmadi, Kh., Rezazade, M., Nafarie, M., Moazen, B., Yarmohmmadi, M. & Assari, Sh. (2012). Unprotected sex with injecting drug users among Iranian female sex workers: Unhide HIV Risk study. AIDS Research and Treatment, 5(6), 17-27.
Alam-mehrjerdi, Z., Daneshmand, R., Samiei, M., Samadi, R., Abdollahi, M.
& Dolan, K. (2016). Women drug treatment services and needs in Iran: the first review of current literature. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 24(3), 1-9.
Alavi, M., Sarmast, M. H. (2013). HIV/AIDS among injecting drug users: A review on epidemiology and management of occupational exposure in Iranian Health Network Setting. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 6(8), 25-35.
Chikovani, I., Goguadze, K., Bozicevic, I., Rukhadze, N., Gotsadzeh, G. (2013). Determinants of risky sexual behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Georgia. AIDS Behavior, 7(1), 37-47.
Chikovani, I., Bozicevic, I., Goguadze, K., Rukhadze, N., & Gotsadze, G. (2011). Unsafe injection and sexual risk behavior among injecting drug users in Georgia. Journal of Urban Health, 88(4), 67-77.
Cusick, L., Anthea, M. & Tiggey, M. (2003). Vulnerability and involvement in drug use and sex work. London: Home Office.
El-Bassel, N., Schilling, R., Irwin, K., Faruque, S., Gilbert, L., Von Bargen, J., Serrano, Y., and Edlin, B. (1997). Sex trading and psychological distress among women recruited from the streets of Harlem. American Journal of Public Health 87(1), 66-70.
Farley, M. & Vanessa, K. (2000). Prostitution: a critical review of the medical and social sciences literature. Women & Criminal Justice, 11(4), 29-64.
Farley, M., Cotton, A., Lynne, J., Zumbeck, S., Spiwak, F., Reyes, M.E., Alvarez , D., & Sezgin, U. (2003) Prostitution & trafficking in nine countries: An update on violence and post-traumatic stress disorder, Journal of Trauma practice, 2(3),33-74.
Farmanfarmaian, S. (1970). Prostitution problems in the City of Tehran. Tehran: School of Social Work.
Gall, M. D. (1989). Education research: An introduction. Longman: Longman Publication.
Goldestin, P. J. (1979). Prostitution and Drugs. United States: Lexington.
Graaf, R., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Zessen, G., Straver, C.J., & Visser, J.H. (1995). Alcohol and drug use in heterosexual and homosexual prostitution, and its relation to protection behavior. AIDS Care, 7(1), 35-47.
Green, S.., Goldberg, D.J., Christie, P.R., Frischer, M., Thomson, A., Carr, S.V., & Taylor, A. (1993). Female street worker-prostitutes in Glasgow: a descriptive study of their lifestyle. AIDS Care, 5(3), 321-335.
Hoek, J. A.,Van, L. M. & Coutinho, R. A. (1990). Increasing infectious syphilis among heterosexuals in Amsterdam: its relationship to drug use and prostitution. Genitourin Med, 66, 31-38.
Johnson, K. M., Fibbi, M., Langer, D., Silva, K., Lankenau, S. E. (2013). Prescription drug misuse and risk cehaviors among young drug users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(2) 18-28.
Madani, S. (2007). Rapid situation assessment of prostitution in Tehran; with an Emphasis on AIDS Risk factors. United Nations: Health Department of Islamic Republic of Iran.
Merghati, E., Rimaz, Sh., Korte, J.E, Back, S.E., Brady, K.T., Abad, M., Shamsalizadeh, N. (2015). Intimate partner violence and risky sexual behaviors among Iranian women with substance use disorders. Med J Islam Repub, 29(1), 174-184.
Morrison, C.L., Ruben, S.M., & Wakefield, D. (1994). Female street prostitution in Liverpool. AIDS, 8(8), 1194-1195.
Oliyayi, Sh. (2002). Inconvenient marriage: A Catalyst for prostitution. Social Welfare Journal, 5, 117-142.
Plant, M., Plant, M., Peck, D., & Setters, J. (1989). The sex industry, alcohol and illicit drugs: implications for the spread of HIV infection. British Journal of the Addictions, 84, 53-59.
Potterat, J. J., Richard, B., Rothenberg, S. Q., Muth, W. D., Lynanne, P. (1998). Pathways to prostitution: The chronology of sexual and drug abuse milestones, Journal of Sex Research, 35(4), 333-340.
Rafiee, H., Madani Ghahfarokhi, S., and Vameghi, M. (2009). Priority of Social problems in Iran, Iranian Journal of Sociology, 9, (1-2), 184-208.
Rahmati, M. M. (2002). Factors contributing to drug addiction: A case study of women addicts, Journal of Substance Abuse, 1(1), 70-80.
Razaghi, E. M., Rahimi Movaghar, A., Hosseini, M. & Madani, S. (2000). Rapid situation assessment of drug abuse in Iran. Tehran: Office of Crime and Drug.
Roshanfekr, P., Noori, R., Dejman, M., Fathi Geshnigani & Rafiey, H. (2015). Drug use and sex work among at risk women: a qualitative study of initial factors. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 9(2), 95-100.
Safari, F. (2003). Women and addiction: Gender differences in substance abuse and its treatment, Journal of Substance Abuse, 1(3), 33-43.
Seddigh Sarvestani, R. (1993). From poverty to villainy: a Sociological study of traumatized women and girls in rehabilitation centers. Tehran University: Research Council.
Sutherland, E. H., Cressey, D. R., Luckenbill, D. F. (1992). Principles of criminology. USA: Lanham.
Taghizadeh, H., Taghizadeh, F., Fathi, M., Reihani, P., Shirdel, N. & Rezaee, S.M. (2015). Drug use and high risk of sexual behaviors of women at a drop in center in Mazandaran Province of Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 9(2), 12-22.
Trent, C. R. (2008). Street-level prostitution and drug abuse in the city of Detroit. Detroit: Department of Health and Wellness Promotion.
Varvaei, A. (2005). A study on factors contributing to street prostitution in Tehran. Tehran: Tehran University.
Young, A. M., Boyd, C., Hubbel, A., (2000). Prostitution, drug use, and coping with psychological distress, Journal of Drug Issues 30(4), 789-800.