بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و کود شیمیایی بر محتوی رطوبت، فلاونویید و شاخصهای جوانه زنی بذرهای بالنگو شیرازی در طی پر شدن دانه Lallemantia royleana Benth.))
محورهای موضوعی : تنش های محیطی
طاهره کریمی جلیله وندی
1
(دانشگاه شاهد)
کلید واژه: رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی, کشت بهاره, کود فسفره, کشت پاییزه, تنش غذایی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و کود بر محتوی رطوبت، فلاونویید و جوانه‌زنی بذر بالنگو شیرازی، پژوهشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در مزرعه گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه شاهد در سال 93 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل: تاریخ کشت پائیزه (15 آبان) و بهاره (15 اسفند) و کود نیتروژن، فسفر در سه سطح عدم کود، کاربرد نصف کود (23 کیلوگرم در هکتار N خالص + 6/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار P2O5) و کاربرد مقدار کامل کود (46 کیلوگرم در هکتار N + 2/101 کیلوگرم در هکتار P2O5) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین درصد رطوبت دانه مربوط به تیمار بدون کود (812/20 درصد) و کم‌ترین آن مربوط به تیمار مقدار کامل کود (165/8 درصد) بود. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین میزان فلاونویید مربوط به کشت بهاره (264/0) بود که افزایش 97/63 درصدی نسبت به کشت پاییزه داشت. بیش‌ترین میزان فلاونویید مربوط به تیمار بدون کود (282/0) بود که افزایش 54/90 درصدی را نسبت به تیمار کود کامل نشان داد. بالاترین میزان فلاونویید (713/0) 28 روز پس از گلدهی در کشت بهاره و بدون کود و کم‌ترین میزان فلاونویید (118/0) مربوط به 7 روز پس از گلدهی بود که در کشت پاییزه و اعمال کود کامل می‌باشد. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین درصد جوانه‌زنی مربوط به کشت پاییزه (81/74) بود که افزایش 6/11 درصدی را نسبت به کشت بهاره نشان داد. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که کشت پاییزه و عدم کاربرد کود شیمیایی باعث افزایش درصد رطوبت اما کشت بهاره و عدم کاربرد کود شیمیایی باعث افزایش فلاونویید گردید.
References
Abdolzade, A., Shima, K., Lambers, H., and Chiba, C. 2008. Chang in uptake, transport and accumulation of ions in nerium oleander (rosebay) as affected by different nitrogen sources and salinity. Annals of Botany, 102: 735 -746.
Akramghaderi, F., Kashiri, H., and Abolhasani, K. 2005. Effects of different sowing dates on seed vigor of soybean. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 9: 35-42. (in Persian).
Anderson, L. R., and Vasilas, B. L. 1985. Effects of planting date on two soybean cultivars: Seasonal dry matter accumulation and seed yield. Crop science, 25(6): 999-1004.
Azari, A., and Khajepour, M. R. 2003."Efect of planting pattern on growth, development, grain yield and yield components in sunflower cv. Kooseh Isfahan in spring planting." Journal of Science and Technology Agricultural Natural Resources, 7.(1): 155-167. (in Persian).
Bagherani tershez, N. 1995. Propagation of Glycyrrhiza by seed and rhizome and its seed germination reaction to scratching and temperature , master's thesis, Shiraz University. (in Persian).
Castillo, A.G., Hamptan, J.G. and Coolbear, P. 1994. Efect of sowing date and harvest timing or seed vigor in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticulture Science, 22: 91-95.
Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H., Chern, J. 2002. Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods. Food and Drug Analysis, 10: 178-82.
Darroch, B.A., Baker, R.J. 1990. Grain filling in three spring wheat genotypes: Statistical analysis. Crop Science, 30: 525-529.
Dehghani Mashkani, M, Naghdi Badi, H., Darzi, M., Mehrafarin, A., Rezazadeh, S., Kadkhoda, Z. 2011. The Effect of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Shirazian Babooneh (Matricaria recutita L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10 (2) :35-48. (in Persian).
Delouch, J.C. 1980. Environmental effects on seed quality. Horticulture Science, 15: 775-780.
Donohue, K., Barua, D., Butler, C., Tisdale, T., Chiang, G., Dittmar, E. and Casas., R. 2012.
Farzaneh, S., Azizie, Sh., Feyzi, P. and Sadegh zadeh, J. 2014. Evaluating the trend growing sugar beet seed (Beta vulgaris) in sowing dates in Ardabil. The first Global Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, 30 January, http://www.civilica.com/Paper-NACONF01- NACONF01_0307.html.
Fekri, N., Khayami, M., Heydari, R. and Javadi, M. 2008. Isolation and identification of monosaccharide of Mucilage in Dragon's head by thin layer chromatography. Research of medicinal and aromatic plants, 21 (2): 207-216. (in Persian).
Gorai, M., El Aloui, W., Yang, X. and Neffati, M. 2014. Toward understanding the ecological role of mucilage in seed germination of a desert shrub Henophyton deserti: Interactive effects of temperature, salinity and osmotic stress. Plant and Soil, 374(1): 727-738.
Gorzin, M., Ghaderi-Far, F., Zeinali, E. and Razavi, S.E. 2015. Evaluation of seed germination and seed vigor of different soybean (Glysin max (L.) Merr.) cultivars under different planting dates in Gorgan. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(3): 611-622.
Gusta, L.V., Johnson, E.V., Nesbitt, N.T., and Klikland, K.J. 2003. Effect of seeding date on canola seed quality and seed vigour. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84: 463-471.
He, H., Vidigal, D., Snoek, L.B., Schnabel, S., Nijveen, H., Hilhorst, H. and Bentsink, L. 2014. Interaction between parental environment and genotype affects plant and seed performance in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(22): 6603-6615.
Jafari, N., Naderi, P., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A. 2015. Evaluation of phenolic content, total flavonoid and survey of antioxidant activity of leaves of Ficus carica and Pterocarya fraxinifolia trees using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatograph methods, Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 7(25): 1-16. (in Persian).
Kafi, M. and Mahdavi Damghani, A., 2000. Mechanisms of Environmetal Stress Resistance of Plants. University of Mashhad Press, Mashhad, 472p.
Karimi Jalilehvandi1, T., Maleki Farahani, S. and Rezazadeh, A.R. 2017. Effects of sowing date and chemical fertilizer on seed vigor and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Lady’s mantle (Lallemantia royleana Benth.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 33(1): 126-138. (in Persian).
Malakouti, M.J. 1999. Sustainable agriculture and yield increase through optimization of Fertilizers consumption in Iran. Agricultural Education Publications, Karaj, 460 pp. (in Persian).
Maternal effects alter natural selection on phytochromes through seed germination. Journal of Ecology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01954.x.
Mayhew, W. L. and Caviness, C. E. 1994. Seed quality and yield of short-season soybean genotypes. Agronomy Journal, 86: 16-19.
Miranda, M., Vega-Gálvez, A., Quispe- Fuentes, I., Rodríguez, M. J., Maureira, H. and Martínez, E. A. 2012. Nutritional aspects of six quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) ecotypes from three geographical areas of Chile. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(2):175-181.
Moaafi Pasha Callaii, R., Rameae, V., Faraji, A. and Teymori shamushak, E.A. 2012. Study levels of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on phenological characteristics, grain yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Journal of Plants and Ecosystems, 8(32): 101-106.
Motamedi, S. 2016. Exploring possibility of domestication of Lavender right (Lavandula stricta Del.) in the city of Gorgan and evalation of growth and biochemical characteristics. M.Sc of Horticultural Sciences - Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Production, Gorgan University. (in Persian).
Naghibi, F.; Mosaddegh, M.; Mohammadi Motamed, S. and Gorbani, A. 2005. Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran: from etnobotany to pharmacology, Iranian Journal of Phamaceutical Research, 2: 63-79. (in Persian).
Omidi, H., Mahmoudi, M. And Abbasi, N. 2005. Effect of Harvest Date on Grain Losses in Rapeseed Varieties. Second National Conference on Agricultural Waste, Tehran. 618- 625. (in Persian).
Prasil, I. T., Prasilova, P. and Marik, P. 2007. Comparative study of direct and indirect evaluation of frost tolerance in barley.Field Crops Research, 102: 1-8.
Rastegar, Z., ghaderi-far, F. and sadeghi poor, H.R. 2014. Seed quality changes during peanut seed development and maturation, Iranian Crop Sciences Congress & 3rd Iranian Seed Science and Technology Conference ،Karaj،https://civilica.com/doc/312287. (in Persian).
Sajan, A.S., Pawar, K.N., Dhanaleppagol, M.S., Briadar, B.D. 2004. Influence of stresstreatment on seed quality of sorghum genotypes. Crop Research, 27: 46-49.
Sawan, Z. M., A. H. Fahmy and Yousef, S. E. 2011. Effect of potassium, zinc and phosphorus on seed yield, seed viability and seedling vigor of cotton (Gossypiumbarbadense L.). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57: 75–90.
Sayman, A. E. J., and Van de venter, H. A. 1996. Influence of weed competition on subsequent germination and seed vigour Zea mays. Seed Science and Technology, 25: 59-67.
Sayman, A.E.J. and Van de venter, H.A., 1996. Influence of weed competition on subsequent germination and seed vigour Zea mays. Seed Science and Technology, 25: 59-67.
Soltani, A., Zeinali, E., Galeshi, S. and Latifi, N. 2001. Genetic variation for and interrelationships among seed vigor traits in wheat from the Caspian Sea Coast of Iran. Seed Science and Technology, 29: 653-662. (in Persian).
Somjen, D., Knoll, E. and Vaya, J. 2004. Estrogen-like activity of licorice root constituents: glabridin and glabrene, in vascular tissues in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Steroid Biochemical Molcular Biology, 91: 147-155.
Spears, J. F., TeKrony, D. M. and Egli, D. B. 1997. Temperature during seed filling and soybean seed germination and vigour. Seed Science and Technology, 25: 233-244.
Tabatabai, R., Kashani., E. 1995. Effects of planting date and plant density on soybean in the Khuzestan region. Thesis, martyr Chamran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agronomy and Plant Breeding. (in Persian).
Tajbakhsh, M. and Ghiasi, M. 2009. Seed ecology. Academic Jihad Publications, West Azerbaijan branch. 134 pages. (in Persian).
Wallace, S.U. 1986. Yield and seed growth at various canopy locations in a determinate soybean cultivar. Agronomy Journal, 78: 173-178.
