اثر آلودگی هوای شهر تهران بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی برگ چنار (Platanus orientalis L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یادگار
امام خمینی (ره) شهرری، تهران ، ایران
کلید واژه: آلودگی هوا, تغییرات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی, چنار (Platanus orientalis L.),
چکیده مقاله :
درخت چنار یکی از درختان مهم در فضای سبز شهر تهران است که در سال‌های اخیر تحت تاثیر آلودگی شدید هوای تهران دچار خزان زود هنگام شده است. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور مشخص شدن علت این پدیده صفاتی نظیر سطح برگ وزن خشک، هدایت روزنه، مقاومت روزنه، رطوبت نسبی برگ، غلظت نسبی کلروفیل، مقادیر عناصر کلسیم، منیزیوم، سرب و کادمیوم مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. برگ درختان چنار در اواخر بهار از سه منطقه شهر تهران با مقادیر متفاوت آلودگی هوا، پارک صدرا (منطقه پاک)، پارک المهدی (منطقه آلوده 1) و پارک اوستا (منطقه آلوده 2) جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد آلودگی هوا موجب کاهش معنی‌دار سطح برگ و افزایش هدایت روزنه در منطقه آلوده پارک المهدی گردید. همچنین بیشترین مقدار منیزیم و سرب در برگهای چنار منطقه آلوده ی پارک اوستا مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار کادمیوم نیز به برگهای پارک صدرا تعلق داشت. در مورد سایر صفات نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری بین مناطق مختلف مشاهده نشد. با توجه به نتایج کسب شده در تحقیق حاضر به نظر می‌رسد درخت چنار توان جذب فلزات سنگین را دارد.
Plantain (Platanus orientalis L.)is an important tree used in green space in Tehran. Due to severe air pollution in Tehran, these trees experience early fall in recent years. The present study in an attempt to find the causes of this phenomenon, measured leaf area, dry weight, stomata conductance, stomata resistance, relative leaf humidity, relative chlorophyll concentrations, and the values of calcium, magnesium, lead, and cadmium. Leaves were collected from three regions in Tehran: Sadra Park as a clean region, Al-Mahdi Park as the polluted region 1, and Avesta Park as the polluted region 2. Results showed that air pollution causes significant reduction in leaf area and increase in stomatal conductance in Al-Mahdi Park. The highest amounts of magnesium and lead were also observed in Avesta Park plantain leaves. The highest value of cadmium in leaves was recorded in Sadra Park region. No significant differences were observed in the other traits under study at the collection sites. It seems plantain is able to absorb heavy metals.
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