بررسی پاسخ برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ارقام خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) به تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکنفیسه مهدی نژاد 1 , حمیده جمالپور 2 , براتعلی فاخری 3 , حمیده آزاد قوجه‌بیگلو 4
1 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
3 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
4 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, عناصر غذایی, عملکرد دانه, خرفه, تغذیه برگی, رنگیزه فتوسنتزی, نانو آهن,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن و تنش خشکی بر تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ارقام خرفه، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جهاد کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان اهر در سال 1394 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح تنش خشکی (90 (شاهد)، 70 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، دو سطح نانو کلات آهن ( صفر (شاهد) و یک لیتر در هکتار) و دو رقم خرفه (تهران و کازرون) بود. نتایج نشان داد محلول پاشی آهن در شرایط تنش خشکی تأثیر معنی داری بر برخی صفات داشت، به طوری که بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b در شرایط نرمال آبیاری و محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن، بیشترین غلظت سدیم از برهم کنش 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم محلول‌پاشی و بیشترین پتاسیم در شرایط خشکی 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن حاصل گردید. با توجه به معنی داری اثرات سه جانبه، بیشترین میزان پرولین، قند محلول و میزان آهن از رقم کازرون در شرایط خشکی 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی با محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن حاصل گردید. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a ، کارتنوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها از محلول پاشی نانو کلات آهن بر رقم کازرون در شرایط آبیاری نرمال به دست آمد. همچنین در شرایط تنش استفاده از نانو کلات آهن نسبت به شاهد موجب افزایش 66/32 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید و رقم کازرون نسبت به رقم تهران برتری داشت به طوری که عملکرد دانه رقم کازرون 31/1 برابر رقم تهران بود.
In order to study the effect of foliar application of chelated nano iron and drought stress on physiological changes and grain yield of purslane cultivars, an experiment was conducted as split plot factorial randomized complete block design with three replications in Ahar Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Station during 2015. The experimental factors included drought stress levels, 90 (control), 70, and 50 field capacity, two levels of chelated nano iron, 0 (control) and 1 lit.hr, and two cultivars (Tehran and Kazeron). Results showed that foliar application of nano iron under drought stress had a significant effect on some traits, so that the highest content of chlorophyll b (4.47 mg/g leaf tissue) was recorded under normal irrigation and foliar application of nano iron chelated, the highest sodium concentration (38.87%) was obtained from 50% filed capacity and non foliar application of chelated nano iron, and the highest potassium content (87.68%) was obtained under drought stress conditions of 50% filed capacity and foliar application of chelated nano iron. Considering the significance of interaction effects, the highest amount of proline (1.22 mg/g fresh weight), soluble sugar (96.92 mg/g fresh weight), and iron (1.11%) was obtained from Kazeron cultivar under drought conditions, 50% filed capacity by non foliar application of chelated nano iron. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a (6.99 mg/g of leaf tissue), carotenoids (1.67 mg/100 ml), and anthocyanins (0.017 mg/100 ml) were recorded by foliar application of chelated nano iron in Kazeron cultivar under normal irrigation. Also under stress conditions, the use of chelated nano iron compared to control increased the grain yield by 32.66% and Kazeron cultivar was superior to Tehran cultivar, so that the seed grain yield of Kazeron was 1.31 more than that of Tehran.
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Aain, A. (2012). Changes in proline content, soluble carbohydrates and absorption of potassium, zinc and calcium in sesame genotypes under drought stress. journal of crop production in environmental stress conditions. 4 (3): 40-48. (Persian).
Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi ashourabadi, E., Lebaschi, M.H., Naderi Hajibagher, Kandy, M. and Moghadami, F. (2008). The effect of drought stress on proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and relative water contents of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 23(4): 505-513. (Persian).
Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi-Ashoorabadi, A. and Farajelahi, M. (2007). Effect of drought stress on physiological traits of melissa officinalis L. second national congress of ecological agriculture in Iran. Gorgan. (Persian).
Abdel-Moez, M.R. (1996). Dry matter yield and nutrient uptake of corn as affected by some organic waste applied to a sandy soil. Annals of Agricultural Science, 34:1319-1330.
Abdul-Majid, S., Rehana, A. and Ghulam, M. (2007). Potassium-calcium interrelationship linked to drought tolerance in wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39(1): 609-1621.
Ahmadi., Kh. and Omidi, H. (2017). Evaluation of drought effect on quantitative and qualitative populations of bungalow medicinal plants. Enviromental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 318-307. (Persian).
Amal, A.M. and Aly, A.A. (2008). Alteration of some secondary metabolites and enzymes activity by using exogenous antioxidant compound in onion plants growth under seawater salt stress. American Eurasian Journal of Science Research. 3: 139-146.
Amiri Nejad, M., Akbari, Gh. A., Baqi-Zadeh, A., Alah-dadi, A., Shahbazi, M. and Naimi, M. (2015). Effect of drought stress and foliar iron and zinc on some biochemical traits of cumin plant. agricultural crop (Journal of Agricultural Sciences). 17 (4): 855-866. (Persian).
Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23: 112-121.
Ashraf, M., Ashfaq, M. and Ashraf, M.Y. (2002). Effect of increased supply of potassium on growth and nutrient content in pearl millet under water stress. Biologia Plantarum. 451:141-144.
Azizabadi, A., Golchin, A. and Delaware, M.A. (2014). Effect of potassium and drought stress on growth indices and nutrient concentration of safflower leaves. Science and technology of greenhouse cultivation. 5 (19): 65-79. (Persian).
Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, E.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
Chen, J., Shi, Y. and Liu, J. (2003). Determination of noradrenaline and dopamine in chinese herbal extracts from portulaca oleracea L. by high–performance liquid chromatograghy. Journal of Chromatography. 1003(1-2):127-132.
Chen, Y., Shi, J., Tin, G.,Tian, G., Zheng, Sh. and Lin, Q. (2004). Fe deficiency induces Cu uptake and accumulation in Commelina communis. Plant Science. 166(5): 1371-1377.
Curie, C. and Briat, J.F. (2003). Iron transport and signaling in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 54: 183-206.
Dweck, A.C. (2013). Purslane (P. oleracea) -the global panacea. Perso Care Mag. 2(4):7-15.
El-Fouly, M.M., Mobarak, Z.M. and Salama, Z. A. (2011). Micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) foliar spray for increasing salinity tolerance in wheat Triticum aestivum L. African Journal of Plant Science. 5: 314-322.
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Farnia, A., Nourmohammadi, Gh., Naderi, A., Darvish, F. and Majidi Harvan, A. (2006). Effects of drought stress and strain of the bacterium Brady rhizobium japonicum on yield and its related traits in soybean in Boroojerd. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 8 (3): 201-214.
Farrokhinia, M., Roshdi, M., Paseban Eslam, B. and Sasandoust, R. (2011). Evaluation of some physiological characteristics on yield of spring safflower under water stress. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 42(3): 545-553.
Fathi-Amirikhiz, K., Amini DehGi, M., Modarres Sanavi, S.A.M. and Heshmati, S. (2011). Effect of soil and leaf elemental application on some biochemical properties of safflower (Caethamus tinctorius L.) under two moisture regimes. Crop Science. 42 (3): 509-518. (Persian).
Gonzalez, A.M. (2005). Physiological responses of tagasaste to a progressive drought in its native environment on the Canary Islands. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 53: 195-204.
Hashemi, E., Mahdinezhad, N., Fakheri, B.A. and MohammadpourVashvai, R. (2018). The effect of biomic and nano biofertilizers (iron, zinc, manganese) on economic performance, antioxidant enzymes and concentration of some sour tea elements. Hibiscus sabdariffa under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 13(51): 107-119. (Persian).
Heidari, M. (2011). Effect of salinity on growth, chlorophyll content and osmotic components of two cultivars of basil (Basilicumocimum L.). Africa Journal of Biotechnology. 11(2): 379-384.
Heidari, M. and Rezapor, A.R. (2011). Effect of water stress and sulfur fertilizer on grain yield, chlorophyll and nutrient status of black cumin (Nigella Sativa L.). Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(1): 81-89. (Persian).
Heidari, M., Goleg, M., Ghorbani, H. and Baradarn Firozabad, M. (2016). Effect of drought stress and foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles on grain yield, ion content and photosynthetic pigments in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science. 46(4): 619-628. (Persian).
Hirai, M., Higuchi, K., Sasaki, K., Suzuki, H., Maruyama, T., Yoshiba, T. and Tadano, T. (2007). Contribution of iron associated with high molecular weight substances to the maintenance of the SPAD value of young leaves of barley under iron deficient conditions. Plant and Soil Science. 53: 612-620.
Kerepsi, I., Toth, M. and Boross, L. (1996). Water-soluble carbohydrates in dried plant. Journal Agricultur Food Chemical. 10: 3235-3239.
Khan, H.R., McDonald, G.K. and Rengel, Z. (2003). Zn fertilization improves water use efficiency, grain yield and seed Zn content in chickpea. Plant and Soil. 249: 389-400.
Khare, C.P. (2007). Indian medicinal plants. Delhi: Springer. p. 513.
Khazaee, H.R. (2002). Effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics of resistant and sensitive wheat cultivars and introduction of the most suitable indices of drought resistance. Ph.D. in Agriculture. Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 225 pages. (Persian).
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