اثر محلولپاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و پرولین بر رشد و میزان اسانس گیاه دارویی زرینگیاه (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss.) تحت شرایط کمآبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییاعظم شیخ سامانی 1 , عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی 2 , مهراب یادگاری 3 , فائزه رجب زاده 4
1 - گروه گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
2 - مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پرولین, اسانس, تنش کمآبی, الیسیتور, ماده مؤثره,
چکیده مقاله :
در شرایط خشک سالی چند دهه اخیر، استفاده از روش های علمی و جدید برای افزایش رشد و میزان موثره گیاهان دارویی و معطر امری ضروری است. این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی اثر محلولپاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و پرولین بر ویژگیهای مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی و میزان اسانس گیاه دارویی و معطر زرین گیاه (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss.) از تیره نعناعیان، در شرایط مختلف رطوبتی خاک در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری در دو سال زراعی (98-99 و 98-97) اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل عامل آبیاری در دو سطح آبیاری مطلوب یا شاهد (بدون تنش یا آبیاری در 30 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی از ظرفیت زراعی F.C.) و کم آبیاری (آبیاری پس از 50 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی از F.C.) و عامل محلولپاشی برگی در سه سطح شاهد (محلول پاشی حلال یا آب) و محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و پرولین با غلظت های 1 میلی مولار در نظر گرفته شد. نمونه های اسانس از اندام هوایی در اوایل گل دهی به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج شدند. مطابق نتایج، بیشترین میزان کلروفیل های a، b و کل (به ترتیب 96/0، 45/0 و 39/1 میلی گرم در گرم) در تیمار کم آبی مشاهده شد. همچنین، اعمال تیمار کم آبی باعث افزایش 70 درصدی مقدار پرولین نسبت به شاهد شد؛ در حالی که تأثیر معنیداری بر صفات مورفولوژیکی ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه و وزن خشک گیاه نشان نداد. محلول پاشی اسیدسالیسیلیک به عنوان یک عامل دفاعی در برابر تنش کم آبی سبب کاهش اثرات منفی تنش بر میزان اسانس، پرولین و کلروفیل های a، b و کل شد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان اسانس به ترتیب در محلول پاشی پرولین (12/1 میلی لیتر در 100 گرم وزن خشک) و شاهد (84/0 میلی لیتر در 100 گرم وزن خشک) به دست آمد. در نهایت، استفاده از اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط کمبود رطوبت برای کاهش اثرات منفی تنش و افزایش میزان اسانس زرین گیاه توصیه میشود.
In the drought conditions of the last few decades, the use of novel scientific methods to increase the growth and production of effective substances of the medicinal and aromatic plants has been essential. This study was done to investigate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and proline on the growth traits and essential oil content of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. (Lamiaceae family) under water deficit conditions at the Research Farm of the Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran during the two crop years of 2017-2019. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a CRBD with three replications. Experimental factors included irrigation treatment at two levels of normal irrigation (non-stress, irrigation after draining 30% of F.C.) and deficit irrigation regime (irrigation after draining 50% of F.C.), and three levels of foliar application (control, salicylic acid 1 mM, and proline 1 mM). The essential oil from the aerial parts of the herb at early flowering stage was extracted by water distillation. According to the results, the highest content of chlorophyll a, b, and total (0.96, 0.45, and 1.39 mg/g, respectively) were observed in water deficit irrigation treatment. Also, application of water deficit stress increased the proline content by 70% compared to the control while it did not show a significant effect on the morphological traits of plant height, stem diameter, and plant dry weight. Salicylic acid as a defense factor reduced the negative effects of deficit irrigation conditions on the essential oil, proline, and chlorophylls a, b, and total contents. The highest and lowest contents of essential oils were obtained in foliar-application of proline (1.12 mL/100 g dry matter) and control (0.84 mL/100 g dry matter), respectively. In conclusion, the foliar-spraying of salicylic acid in conditions of deficit irrigation is recommended to reduce the negative effects of stress and increase the content of D. kotschyi essential oil.
Akbari, J. and Maleki, A. (2018). The effect of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid foliar on vegetative properties and yield and yield components of Vigna unguiculata L. under drought stress. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 4(2): 159-180.
Alavi Samany, S.M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Malekpoor, F. (2022). Phytochemical and morpho-physiological changes of hyssop in response to chitosan-spraying under different levels of irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products. 176:114330.
Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23: 112-121.
Ashrafi, B., Ramak, P., Ezatpour, B. and Talei, G.R. (2017). Investigation on chemical composition, antamicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of essential oil from Dracocephalum kotschyi BOISS. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 14(3): 209-217.
Babaei, K., Moghaddam, M., Farhadi, N. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2021). Morphological, physiological and phytochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 284:110116.
Bakhtiar, A., Khaghani, S., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Gomarian, M. and Chavoshi, S. (2021). Essential oil variation among different populations of Ziziphora tenuior L. cultivated at semiarid climate. Essential Oil Research. 1-9.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, E.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline forwater stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205–207.
Carvalho, M.E.A., Castro, P.R.C., Gaziola, S.A. and Azevedo, R.A. (2018). Is seaweed extract an elicitor compound? Changing proline content in drought-stressed bean plants. Comunicata Scientiae. 9(2): 292-297.
Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Hashemi, M. (2017). Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. The Crop Journal. 5: 407-415.
Fallah, S., Mouguee, S., Rostaei, M., Adavi, Z. and Lorigooini, Z. (2020). Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of essential oil of wild and cultivated Dracocephalum kotschyi grown indifferent ecosystems: A comparative study. Industrial Crops and Products. 143, 11885.
Farhadi, N., Babaei, K., Farsaraei, S., Moghaddam, M. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2020). Changes in essential oil compositions, total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of Achillea millefolium at different growth stages. Industrial Crops and Products. 152, 112570.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Samani, M.R., Hashemi, M. and Zeinali, H. (2014). Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak.) under reduced irrigation. Plant Growth Regulation. 72(3): 289-301.
Goli, S.A.H., Sahafi, S.M., Rashidi, B. and Rahimmalek, M. (2013). Novel oilseed of Dra-cocephalum kotschyi with high n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. Industrial Crops and Products. 43: 188-193.
Janda, M. and Ruelland, E. (2015). Magical mystery tour: salicylic acid signalling. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 114: 117-128.
Koocheki, A., Nassiri-Mahallati, M. and Azizi, G. (2008). Effect of drought, salinity, and defoliation on growth characteristics of some medicinal plants of Iran. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 14: 37-53.
Mohammadi Khalifelouiy, Z., Abbasifar, A.R., Khadivi A. and Akramian M. (2020). The effect of proline and 24-epibrassinolide on growth indices and biochemical characteristics of the summer savory (Satureja Hortensis L.). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 32(4): 925-940. (In Persian)
Momeni, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mousavi, A. and Badi, H.N. (2020). Effect of foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on the essential oil of Thymbra spicata L. under different soil moisture conditions. Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 23(5): 1142-1153.
Mousavi, A.S., Naeemi, M., Ghilizadeh, A. and Rahemi Karizaki, A. (2021). The Effect of elicitors on some physiological vharacteristics, essential oil percentage and yield in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 14(2): 415-424.
Pradhan, J., Sahoo, S.K., Lalotra, S. and Sarma, R.S. (2017). Positive impact of abiotic stress on medicinal and aromatic plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 12(2): 309-313.
Samadi, L., Larijani, K., Naghdi Badi, H. and Mehrafarin, A. (2018). Qualitative and quantitative variations of the essential oils of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. as affected by different drying methods. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. e13816, 1-12.
Shakib, P., Taherikalani, M. and Ramazanzadeh, R. (2018). Chemical composition, genotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss against OXA-48 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from major hospitals of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Microbiology Research Journal International. 24: 1-8.
Shokouhi, M. (2019). Evaluation of the impact of climate change on temperature and precipitation of rainfed wheat production in Kurdistan province. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 7(1): 22-35. (In Persian)
Sodaiizadeh, H., Shamsaie, M., Tajamoliyan, M., Mirmohammady Maibody, S.A.M. and Hakimzadeh, M.A. (2017). Evaluation of some physiological characteristics of Thymus fedtschenko under different levels of water stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 9(4): 423-427.
Sofy, M.R., Seleiman, M.F., Alhammad, B.A., Alharbi, B.M. and Mohamed, H.I. (2020). Minimizing adverse effects of Pb on maize plants by combined treatment with jasmonic, salicylic acids and proline. Agronomy. 10, 699.
Sonboli, A., Mirzania, F. and Gholipour, A. (2019). Essential oil composition of Dracocephalum 522 kotschyi Boiss. from Iran. Natural Product Research. 14: 2095-2098.
Szabados, L. and Savoure, A. (2009). Proline: A multifunctional amino acid. Trends in Plant Sciences. 15(2): 89-97.
Umebese, C.E., Olatimilehin, T.O. and Ogunsusi, T.A. (2009). Salicyclic acid protects nitrate reductase activity, growth and proline in amaranth and tomato plants duringwater defecit. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 4: 224-229.
Zhao, J., Davis, L.C. and Verpoorte, R. (2005). Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances. 23: 283-333.
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Akbari, J. and Maleki, A. (2018). The effect of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid foliar on vegetative properties and yield and yield components of Vigna unguiculata L. under drought stress. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 4(2): 159-180.
Alavi Samany, S.M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Malekpoor, F. (2022). Phytochemical and morpho-physiological changes of hyssop in response to chitosan-spraying under different levels of irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products. 176:114330.
Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23: 112-121.
Ashrafi, B., Ramak, P., Ezatpour, B. and Talei, G.R. (2017). Investigation on chemical composition, antamicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of essential oil from Dracocephalum kotschyi BOISS. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 14(3): 209-217.
Babaei, K., Moghaddam, M., Farhadi, N. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2021). Morphological, physiological and phytochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 284:110116.
Bakhtiar, A., Khaghani, S., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Gomarian, M. and Chavoshi, S. (2021). Essential oil variation among different populations of Ziziphora tenuior L. cultivated at semiarid climate. Essential Oil Research. 1-9.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, E.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline forwater stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205–207.
Carvalho, M.E.A., Castro, P.R.C., Gaziola, S.A. and Azevedo, R.A. (2018). Is seaweed extract an elicitor compound? Changing proline content in drought-stressed bean plants. Comunicata Scientiae. 9(2): 292-297.
Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Hashemi, M. (2017). Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. The Crop Journal. 5: 407-415.
Fallah, S., Mouguee, S., Rostaei, M., Adavi, Z. and Lorigooini, Z. (2020). Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of essential oil of wild and cultivated Dracocephalum kotschyi grown indifferent ecosystems: A comparative study. Industrial Crops and Products. 143, 11885.
Farhadi, N., Babaei, K., Farsaraei, S., Moghaddam, M. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2020). Changes in essential oil compositions, total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of Achillea millefolium at different growth stages. Industrial Crops and Products. 152, 112570.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Samani, M.R., Hashemi, M. and Zeinali, H. (2014). Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak.) under reduced irrigation. Plant Growth Regulation. 72(3): 289-301.
Goli, S.A.H., Sahafi, S.M., Rashidi, B. and Rahimmalek, M. (2013). Novel oilseed of Dra-cocephalum kotschyi with high n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. Industrial Crops and Products. 43: 188-193.
Janda, M. and Ruelland, E. (2015). Magical mystery tour: salicylic acid signalling. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 114: 117-128.
Koocheki, A., Nassiri-Mahallati, M. and Azizi, G. (2008). Effect of drought, salinity, and defoliation on growth characteristics of some medicinal plants of Iran. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 14: 37-53.
Mohammadi Khalifelouiy, Z., Abbasifar, A.R., Khadivi A. and Akramian M. (2020). The effect of proline and 24-epibrassinolide on growth indices and biochemical characteristics of the summer savory (Satureja Hortensis L.). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 32(4): 925-940. (In Persian)
Momeni, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mousavi, A. and Badi, H.N. (2020). Effect of foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on the essential oil of Thymbra spicata L. under different soil moisture conditions. Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 23(5): 1142-1153.
Mousavi, A.S., Naeemi, M., Ghilizadeh, A. and Rahemi Karizaki, A. (2021). The Effect of elicitors on some physiological vharacteristics, essential oil percentage and yield in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 14(2): 415-424.
Pradhan, J., Sahoo, S.K., Lalotra, S. and Sarma, R.S. (2017). Positive impact of abiotic stress on medicinal and aromatic plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 12(2): 309-313.
Samadi, L., Larijani, K., Naghdi Badi, H. and Mehrafarin, A. (2018). Qualitative and quantitative variations of the essential oils of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. as affected by different drying methods. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. e13816, 1-12.
Shakib, P., Taherikalani, M. and Ramazanzadeh, R. (2018). Chemical composition, genotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss against OXA-48 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from major hospitals of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Microbiology Research Journal International. 24: 1-8.
Shokouhi, M. (2019). Evaluation of the impact of climate change on temperature and precipitation of rainfed wheat production in Kurdistan province. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 7(1): 22-35. (In Persian)
Sodaiizadeh, H., Shamsaie, M., Tajamoliyan, M., Mirmohammady Maibody, S.A.M. and Hakimzadeh, M.A. (2017). Evaluation of some physiological characteristics of Thymus fedtschenko under different levels of water stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 9(4): 423-427.
Sofy, M.R., Seleiman, M.F., Alhammad, B.A., Alharbi, B.M. and Mohamed, H.I. (2020). Minimizing adverse effects of Pb on maize plants by combined treatment with jasmonic, salicylic acids and proline. Agronomy. 10, 699.
Sonboli, A., Mirzania, F. and Gholipour, A. (2019). Essential oil composition of Dracocephalum 522 kotschyi Boiss. from Iran. Natural Product Research. 14: 2095-2098.
Szabados, L. and Savoure, A. (2009). Proline: A multifunctional amino acid. Trends in Plant Sciences. 15(2): 89-97.
Umebese, C.E., Olatimilehin, T.O. and Ogunsusi, T.A. (2009). Salicyclic acid protects nitrate reductase activity, growth and proline in amaranth and tomato plants duringwater defecit. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 4: 224-229.
Zhao, J., Davis, L.C. and Verpoorte, R. (2005). Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances. 23: 283-333.