بررسی اثر قارچ مایکوریزا بر رشد و عملکرد نخود پاییزه (Cicer arietinum L) تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی
محورهای موضوعی : زراعت و اصلاح نباتاتمحمد میرزایی حیدری 1 , کبری میشخاص زاده 2
1 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران،
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.
کلید واژه: نیتروژن, فسفر, شرایط دیم, تعداد غلاف در بوته, عملکرد بیولوژیکی,
چکیده مقاله :
بهمنظور بررسی اثر قارچ مایکوریزا بر رشد و عملکرد نخود پاییزه تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی، آزمایشی بهصورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1394 در ایلام انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری تکمیلی با سه سطح شاهد یا دیم، یکبار آبیاری (زمان گلدهی)، دوبار آبیاری (زمان گلدهی و ده روز بعد از گلدهی) در کرتهای اصلی و کود با چهار سطح شاهد، مایکوریزا، کود شیمیایی (نیتروژن و فسفر) و مایکوریزا با کود شیمیایی (نیتروژن و فسفر) در کرتهای فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر برهمکنش کود و آبیاری تکمیلی بر صفات تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، نیتروژن اندام هوایی و ریشه معنیدار شد. میانگین عملکرد دانه در تیمار کود مایکوریزا و دوبار آبیاری نسبت به تیمار کود شیمیایی (نیتروژن و فسفر) و شرایط دیم در حدود 59 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بهطور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که دوبار آبیاری تکمیلی به همراه مصرف کود شیمیایی و مایکوریزا باعث افزایش رشد زایشی گیاه میشود. این افزایش به دلیل افزایش فتوسنتز و در نتیجه افزایش مواد فتوسنتزی بیشتری است که سبب افزایش اجزای عملکرد و بهبود عملکرد نخود میشود، بنابراین استفاده از این شیوه مدیریتی جهت حصول تولید مطلوب پیشنهاد میگردد.
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and yield of autumn chickpeas under supplementary irrigation conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications in the 2016 crop year in Ilam. Experimental treatments include supplementary irrigation with three levels of control or rainfed, once irrigation (flowering time), twice irrigation (flowering time and ten days after flowering) in main plots and fertilizer with four levels of control, mycorrhiza, chemical fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) And mycorrhiza with chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus) were considered in subplots. The results showed that the effect of fertilizer interaction and supplementary irrigation on pod number per plant, grain yield, biological yield, shoot and root nitrogen was significant. The average grain yield in mycorrhiza fertilizer treatment and double irrigation compared to chemical fertilizer treatment (nitrogen and phosphorus) and rainfed conditions showed an increase of about 59%. In general, the results showed that double supplementary irrigation with the use of chemical fertilizers and mycorrhiza increases the reproductive growth of the plant. This increase is due to increased photosynthesis and consequently more photosynthetic material, which increases the yield components and improves the yield of chickpeas, so the use of this management method to achieve optimal production is recommended.
Abhari, A., and Gholinezhad, E. (2019). Effect of humic acid on grain yield and yield components in chickpea under different irrigation levels. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding. 9(2): 19-29.
Auge, R.M., Toler, H.D., and Saxton, A.M. (2015). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters stomatal conductance of host plants more under drought than under amply watered conditions: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza. 25(1): 13-24.
Azcon, R., Ambrosano, E., and Charest, C. (2003). Nutrient acquisition in mycorrhizal lettuce plants under different phosphorus and nitrogen concentration. Plant Science. 165: 1137-1145.
Bolan N.S. (1991). A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants. Plant and Soil. 134:189-207.
Chandrasekar, B.R., Ambrose, G., and Jayabalan, N. (2005). Influence of biofertilizers And phosphor source level on the growth and yield of Echinochlo frumentacea. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 1(2): 223- 234.
Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Barthakur, S., Baroowa, B., Bharadwaj, N., Alghamdi, S.S., and Siddique, K.H.M. (2016). Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2: 81–102.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., and Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. In Sustainable agriculture (pp. 153-188). Springer Netherlands.
Fathi, A., Farnia, A., and Maleki, A. (2013). Effects of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr climate. Journal of Tabriz ecophysiology of crops. 7(25): 105-114. (In persian with English abstract).
Hadou, H., Kadidia, S., Fanta, B., and Barkissa, F. (2016). Effect of native arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi inocula on the growth of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in three differents agro ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Journal of Applied Biosciences. 108: 10553-10560.
Heidari, M., and Karami, V. (2014). Effects of different mycorrhiza species on grain yield, nutrient uptake and oil content of sunflower under water stress. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 13(1): 9-13.
James, B., Rodel, D., Lorettu, U., Reynaldo, E., and Tariq, H. (2008). Effect of vesicular arboscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna Spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(5): 2217-2224.
Karami Chame, S., Khalil-Tahmasbi, B., ShahMahmoodi, P., Abdollahi, A., Fathi, A., Seyed Mousavi, S.J., and Bahamin, S. (2016). Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and Pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Scientia Agriculturae. 14(2): 234-238.
_||_Abhari, A., and Gholinezhad, E. (2019). Effect of humic acid on grain yield and yield components in chickpea under different irrigation levels. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding. 9(2): 19-29.
Auge, R.M., Toler, H.D., and Saxton, A.M. (2015). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters stomatal conductance of host plants more under drought than under amply watered conditions: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza. 25(1): 13-24.
Azcon, R., Ambrosano, E., and Charest, C. (2003). Nutrient acquisition in mycorrhizal lettuce plants under different phosphorus and nitrogen concentration. Plant Science. 165: 1137-1145.
Bolan N.S. (1991). A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants. Plant and Soil. 134:189-207.
Chandrasekar, B.R., Ambrose, G., and Jayabalan, N. (2005). Influence of biofertilizers And phosphor source level on the growth and yield of Echinochlo frumentacea. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 1(2): 223- 234.
Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Barthakur, S., Baroowa, B., Bharadwaj, N., Alghamdi, S.S., and Siddique, K.H.M. (2016). Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2: 81–102.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., and Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. In Sustainable agriculture (pp. 153-188). Springer Netherlands.
Fathi, A., Farnia, A., and Maleki, A. (2013). Effects of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr climate. Journal of Tabriz ecophysiology of crops. 7(25): 105-114. (In persian with English abstract).
Hadou, H., Kadidia, S., Fanta, B., and Barkissa, F. (2016). Effect of native arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi inocula on the growth of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in three differents agro ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Journal of Applied Biosciences. 108: 10553-10560.
Heidari, M., and Karami, V. (2014). Effects of different mycorrhiza species on grain yield, nutrient uptake and oil content of sunflower under water stress. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 13(1): 9-13.
James, B., Rodel, D., Lorettu, U., Reynaldo, E., and Tariq, H. (2008). Effect of vesicular arboscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna Spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(5): 2217-2224.
Karami Chame, S., Khalil-Tahmasbi, B., ShahMahmoodi, P., Abdollahi, A., Fathi, A., Seyed Mousavi, S.J., and Bahamin, S. (2016). Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and Pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Scientia Agriculturae. 14(2): 234-238.