بررسی و مقایسه صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه داروئیpulegium L. Mentha در رویشگاههای مختلف طبیعی و زراعی استان گیلان
محورهای موضوعی :
گیاهان دارویی
عزیزاله خیری
1
,
زهرا بهارمست
2
,
محسن ثانی خانی
3
,
علی سلیمانی
4
1 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه زنجان
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 - گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان. زنجان ایران
4 - دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/08/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/05/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01
کلید واژه:
گیلان,
اسانس,
صفات مورفولوژیکی,
پونه معطر,
پولگون,
pulegium L. Mentha,
صفات فیتوشیمیایی,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاه داروئی پونه معطر (pulegium L. Mentha) متعلق به تیره نعنا، گیاهی با ارزش های سودمند تجاری و صنعتی است که به علت سنتز ﻣﺎده ﻣﺆﺛﺮه ﭘﻮﻟﮕﻮن با اثر ضدﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺑﻲ و آنتیاکسیدان ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده دارویی ﻗﺮار می گیرد. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی صفات مورفولوژیکی و تنوع فیتوشیمیایی اسانس توده های مختلف پونه معطر جمع آوری شده از سه رویشگاه طبیعی: ضیابر، ماسال و آبکنار در مرحله گلدهی در استان گیلان و همچنین کشت ریزوم نمونههای رویشگاهی در همان سال در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان انجام پذیرفت. ریزوم جمعیت های فوق در بهار 1396 جمع آوری و به مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان جهت کشت و مطالعه انتقال یافت و در تابستان همان سال ، همزمان سرشاخه های گلدار توده ها از مزرعه و نواحی مورد مطالعه جمع آوری گردید. استخراج اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر، تقطیر با آب و آنالیز اسانس ها با استفاده از دستگاه Gc و GC-MS شناسایی گردید. نتایج نشان داد، جمعیت های این گونه در رویشگاه طبیعی از لحاظ صفات مورفولوژیکی از جمله طول برگ، ارتفاع بوته و تعداد میانگره از برتری ببیشتری برخوردار بودند. بیشترین میزان درصد اسانس و پولگون در جمعیت کشت شده (4/54 درصد) و کمترین میزان آن در توده آبکنار (19/40 درصد) مشاهده شد. که یکی از دلایل آن می تواند کاهش میزان بارندگی، افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا و همچنین تفاوت در طول و عرض جغرافیایی باشد. پولگون و کامفندر منطقه ضیابر، بهترتیب با 17/49 و 84/11 درصد بالاترین میزان ترکیبات اسانسی بودند، در منطقه ماسال، پولگون با 47/49 و گاماترپینن 24/14 درصد و در منطقه آبکنار پولگون با 19/40 و گاماترپینن با 56/11 درصد بیشترین میزان ترکیبات اسانسی بودند. بالا بودن میزان این ترکیبات در جمعیت های مورد بررسی نشاندهنده کیفیت بالای اسانس در این گیاه دارویی ا ست. با توجه به اینکه هرچه ترکیبات موجود در اسانس کمتر و درصد آنها بیشتر باشد جداسازی ترکیبات جهت مصارف تجاری و دارویی آسان تر است جمعیت های کشت شده از این گونه با داشتن تعداد ترکیبات کمتر اما درصد بالای ترکیبات اصلی نسبت به سایر جمعیتهای پونه برتری و پتانسیل بیشتری برای برنامه های اصلاحی و اهلی سازی دارند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
M. pulegium is belongs to Lamiaceae. Pulegon as a main ingredient in mint has antimicrobial and aromatic properties which has been used to treatment of many diseases. In this study M. pulegium were collected from three natural habitats of Ziaber, Masal and Abkenard in the flowering stage in Guilan province. Also, rhizomes of habitat samples were cultivated in the research farm of Zanjan University in the same year. The rhizomes of the these populations were collected in the spring of 2017 and transferred to the research farm of Zanjan University. In the summer of the same year, flowering branches were harvested from natural habitates. The essential oil was extracted by using a Clevenger apparatus and water distillation and were and bused by GC and GC-MS. Results were showed that the polygon were highly varied in all populations, in which the highest and lowest content of pulegone was observed in cultivated population in Zanjan and Abkenar population with 54.43% and 40.19%, respectively. According to the results, the populations grown habitat were superior to morphological traits such as leaf length, plant height and number of internodes. A higher percentage of essential oil was observed in the cultivated population, it may be due to decrease in rainfall, an increase in altitude, as well as differences in latitude and longitude. The pulegon and camphene in Ziaber region had the highest amount with 49.17% and 11.84%, respectively, in Masal region, pulegon with 49.47% and gamaterpinen with 24.24% and in Abkenar region, pulegon (40.19%) and gamaterpinen (11.56%) were the most compounds. The high amount of these compounds in the studied populations indicates the high quality of essential oil in this medicinal plant. In this study, the cultivated populations had fewer compounds with a high percentage of the main compounds compared to other populations, so it seems they have more superiority and potential for breeding and domestication programs.
منابع و مأخذ:
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