مطالعه اثر روش‌های مختلف انجماد و خشک کردن بر کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس و تعیین مقدار اسیدکافئیک در عصاره گیاه دارویی Rosmarinus officinalis L.

محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی

الهام تازیکه لمسکی ¹ (گروه شیمی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
جواد مهدوی میقان ² (گروه شیمی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/03/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, خشک کردن, اسید کافئیک, کامفور, رزماری, پولگون, انجماد, ایزوبورنیل استات,

چکیده مقاله :

در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر انجماد و خشک کردن بر کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس‌، برگ‌های گیاه رزماری Rosmarinus officinalis L. در مرحله رویشی در تیرماه ۱۳۹۳ از محل مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان جمع آوری ودر چهار مرحله: تازه، خشک، تازه منجمد و خشک منجمد برای اسانس گیری آماده گردید. اسانس نمونه‌ها بوسیله دستگاه تقطیر با بخار آب (طرح کلونجر) استخراج‌، آنالیز مواد موثره نمونه‌ها با استفاده از روش کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC/MS) انجام گرفت و به‌منظور تعیین مقدار میزان اسید کافئیک در عصاره اتانولی گیاه از تکنیک کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا HPLC استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر ۴ روش مورد بررسی به‌ترتیب ترکیبات مشترک : ایزو- بورنیل استات ( ۵/۱۱-۳/۱۴ درصد)‌، کامفور (۳۴/۱۱-۷/۱۲ درصد)‌، پولگون (۸/۷-۶/۱۰ درصد)، آلفا- فلاندرن (۳/۰-۲/۹ درصد)‌، بتا-کاریوفیلن (۱/۲-۸۷/۸ درصد)‌، آلفا- ترپینئول (۳۴/۳-۸/۹ درصد)‌، ۱و۸- سینئول (۹۳/۰-۷/۶ درصد) ولینالول (۰-۴۵/۴ درصد) و کامفن (۳/۳-۷/۵ درصد) از بالاترین مقدار در اسانس گیاه برخوردار بودند و حداکثر میزان اسید کافئیک در عصاره تازه گیاه به مقدار ۰۱۶/۰ میکروگرم بر گرم برگ تازه تعیین گردید و اینکه در هر دو حالت نمونه‌های تازه و خشک‌، اسانس‌ها از بالاترین کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره برخوردار بودند‌، به‌طوری‌که ترکیبات: ترانس -پینوکاروئول (۱/۵ درصد)‌، سابینن (۸۸/۴ درصد)‌، ترانس- اوسیمن (۳۴/۶ درصد) و ژرانیل استات (۲۲/۱۵ درصد) فقط در دو روش تازه و خشک در اسانس نمونه‌ها گزارش گردیدند و از آنجایی که ترکیبات فوق از بیشترین عملکرد آنتی‌اکسیدانی‌، ضدپاتوزنی‌، ضدالتهابی و ضدعفونی کنندگی برخورداند، لذا پیشنهاد می‌گردد به‌منظور ارتقای کیفیت‌‌، فراوری گیاه بیشتر در دو حالت خشک و تازه انجام پذیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study to was evaluated the effect of freezing and drying methods on quality and quantity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil. The leaves of plant in blooming were collected from the medicinal plant garden in Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch in July 2014. The samples were prepared in four groups: fresh, dried, fresh frozen and dried frozen. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. The caffeic acid content of samples was measured by HPLC.  Results were showed in all oils: iso-bornyl acetate (11.5%-14.3%), camphor (11.34%-12.7%), pulegone (7.8%-10.6%), α-phellandrene (0.3%-9.2%), β-caryophyllene (2.1%-8.87%), α-terpineol (3.34%-9.8%), 1,8-cineol (0.93%-6.7%), linalool (0%-4.45%) and camphen (3.3%-5.7%) were the major common constituents. The greatest amount of caffeic acid was reported in fresh samples of plant (0.016 mg / gram of plant leaves). According to results in both fresh and dried samples the essential oils had the highest quality and quantity ingredients.  Although the trans-pinocarveol (5.1%), sabinene (4.8%), trans-ocymen (6.3%), geranyl acetate (15.2%) just were observed in fresh and dried samples. According to another researches, these constituents of plant oil have high antioxidant, anti-pathogen, anti-inflammation and anti-infection activity. Therefore it is recommended to improve the quality of plant processing by using fresh and dried materials.

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