بهینه سازی استخراج اینولین از ریشه ی گیاه دارویی کنگرفرنگی (Cynara scolymus L.) با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM)

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

محمد محسن زاده ¹ (دانشیار، گروه بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
جلال احسانی ² (دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
مرتضی خمیری ³ (دانشیار، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
عظیم قاسم نژاد ⁴ (استادیار، گروه گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/12/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/05/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/11

کلید واژه: بهینه‌سازی, اینولین, روش سطح پاسخ, کنگرفرنگی (Cynara scolymus L.),

چکیده مقاله :

اینولین ترکیبی فیبری و غیر قابل هضم یا با قابلیت هضم اندک می‌باشد که در گیاهان مختلف یافت می‌شود و مقدار آن از یک درصد در موز تا بیش از 15 درصد در ریشه‌ ‌کاسنی متغیراست. از آنجایی که گیاه کنگرفرنگی یکی از منابع مهم اینولین محسوب می‌شود، در این تحقیق استخراج اینولین از ریشه‌ گیاه دارویی کنگرفرنگی و بهینه‌سازی شرایط استخراج جهت رسیدن به بالاترین میزان راندمان استخراج بوده است. ریشه‌های گیاه در شهریور ماه 1394، از مزرعه‌ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان جمع‌آوری و استخراج اینولین از ریشه با استفاده از حلال آب گرم و روش سطح پاسخ (RSM) و طرح مرکب مرکزی (CCD) به انجام رسید. روش سطح پاسخ در مقایسه با روش‌های پرحجم مانند فاکتوریل کامل، ارجحیت دارد. در این تکنیک جهت بهینه‌سازی فرآیند استخراج اینولین، سه متغیر زمان استخراج (min 65 و50، 35)، دمای استخراج (95 و 75، 55 درجه سانتی‌گراد) و نسبت آب به ریشه (1:9 و 1:6، 1:3) به‌عنوان متغیرهای مستقل در نظر گرفته شدند و تاثیر آنها برراندمان استخراج اینولین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس مدل‌های خطی، اثر متقابل و درجه‌ دوم بر راندمان استخراج اینولین مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند، همچنین آزمون ضعف برازش (Lack of fit)، ضریب تبیین کلی (2R) و ضریب تبیین کلی تنظیم شده (R2adjusted) به‌منظور بررسی شایستگی مدل محاسبه شدند. بررسی آزمون Lack of fit و نیز مقادیرR2 و R2adjusted، مناسب بودن مدل درجه‌ دوم را نشان داد، که این مدل جهت یافتن بهترین شرایط فرایند با بیشترین بازده‌ استخراج مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد، بالاترین میزان راندمان استخراج اینولین به میزان 01/8 درصد، مربوط به دمای 95 درجه‌ی سلسیوس، زمان 67/35 دقیقه و نسبت آب به ریشه (1:9) با میزان مطلوبیت 92 درصد می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Inulin is a low digestable or indigestible fiber which is found in various plants. Inulin amount ranging from 1% in Banana to more than 15% in Chicory roots changing. It has a positive impact on the composition of the intestinal flora, mineral absorption, blood lipid composition and prevents colon cancer. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is one of the most important sources of inulin. The aim of the present study was extraction of inulin from artichoke root and optimization of extraction conditions to achieve the highest extraction efficiency. For this purpose, the artichoke roots were collected from the research stead of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in september 2015 and inulin extraction with using of warm water solvent and response surface methodology (RSM)and central composite design (CCD) was performed. Response surface methodology in comparison to voluminous methods such as full factorial is preferred. In this technique for optimization of inulin extraction process, three variables extraction time (35-65 min), extraction temperature (55-95 °C) and the ratio of water to the roots (3:1 to 9:1)as independent variables were considered and their effect on the extraction efficiency of inulin were examined. After performing experiments, linear, 2FI and quadratic models on the inulin extraction yield were evaluated, also lack of fit test, coefficient of determination (R2)and Adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adjusted) for investigation the adequacy of the model were calculated. Study of the lack of fit test as well as R2 and  ​​R2adjusted values were showed the suitability of quadratic model. This model was used to find the best condition of extraction process with maximum efficiency. Results showed that the optimum condition for extraction of inulin with highest extraction yield (8.01%) related to temperature (95 °C), time (35.67 min) and ratio of water to root (9:1) with desirability of (92%).  

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