بررسی اثر شرایط مختلف بسته بندی و انبارداری بر میزان جوانهزنی بذر گیاه دارویی Matricaria chamomilla L.
محورهای موضوعی : تکنولوژی بذرفضل الله صفی خانی 1 , محمد حسن عصاره 2 , عباس ده شیری 3 , فرشید حسنی 4
1 - عضو هیاتعلمی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران
2 - عضو هیاتعلمی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران
3 - عضو هیاتعلمی، موسسه ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، ، ایران
4 - عضو هیاتعلمی، موسسه ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، ، ایران
کلید واژه: جوانه زنی, انبارداری, بابونه (Matricaria chammomilla L. ), بسته بندی, قوه نامیه,
چکیده مقاله :
بابونه با نام علمیL. Matricaria chamomilla گیاهی علفی یکساله متعلق به تیره کاسنی و از مهمترین گیاهان دارویی پرمصرف جهانی با اثر آنتیاکسیدان و ضدالتهاب قوی است که در سطح وسیعی از مناطق مدیترانه ای جهان کشت میشود. این تحقیق در سال 1393 و بهمنظور تعیین تیمارهای بهینه رطوبت و دمای نگهداری و همچنین تاثیر پوششهای مختلف بستهبندی بذر در شرایط انبار در حفظ حداکثر قوه نامیه بذر، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام گرفت. شرایط زمان نگهداری در شش سطح 30، 60، 90، 120، 150 و 180 روز، تغییرات رطوبت بذر در پنج سطح 5، 7، 9، 11 و 13 درصد و سپس تغیرات دمایی انبار در چهار سطح 10، 15، 20 و 25 درجه سانتیگراد در بستهبندیهای با جنس آلومینیوم و نانو تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش مدت زمان انبارداری، دما و رطوبت محل نگهداری بذرها در انبار مخصوصاً در بستههای آلومنیومی قوه نامیه بذرها کاهش مییابد، بهطوریکه در یکماهه اول انبار داری در پوشش نانو و رطوبت 5 تا 7 درصد در دمای 10 درجه از بیشترین میزان جوانهزنی (98 درصد) برخوردار بود و با افزایش زمان نگهداری 6 ماهه با پوشش آلومنیومی، رطوبت 13 درصد و دمای 25 درجه از کمترین میزان درصد جوانهزنی تا 30 درصد هم برخوردار بود. لذا پیشنهاد میگردد بهمنظور حفظ قوه نامیه، بذرهای بابونه در بستهبندیهای با پوشش نانو و در شرایط رطوبت 5 تا 7 درصد ، دمای 10 درجه و زمان ماندگاری یک ماهه نگهداری شوند.
Matricaria chamomilla L. is an annual plant belongs to Asteraceae family, which has been used and cultivated globally as an antioxidant and anti inflammation. This project was carried out to determine the best treatment of seed moisture content and storage temperature to maintain maximum viability in addition to investigation impact of various coating package in seed storage. A factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design and rates of studied factors were 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days for time; 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13% for seed moisture; 10, 15, 20 and 25°C for storage temperature, aluminum and nano cottage for package. Increasing storage time caused reduction in seeds viability under high temperature and moisture condition. Whereas, in nano package (NP) it was lesser compared to aluminum package (AP). NP had better performance in most temperature and moisture rates. Germination percent (GP) was 95% in moisture of 5 and 7%, 25°C and 30 days. This treatment had 1 percent reduction after 6 months which was not significant. It seems that low moisture neutralized negative effect of rising temperature. Moisture of 9%, 25 °C and 30 days led to 84% of GP in both packages which reduced to 55 and 51% after 6 months in NP and AP, respectively. It can be suggested that moisture of 5 and 7% under 10 °C and NP is the best condition for chamomile seeds storage which maintain seeds viability for long-term.
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