ارزیابی فیتوشیمیایی سمیت سلولی، آنتیاکسیدانی و ضدباکتریایی اسانس گیاه دارویی Melissa officinalis L. در منطقه مریوان
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییمرتضی یزدانی 1 , فرشته جوکار کاشی 2 , زینب طلوعی 3 , اکرم رحیمی مقدم 4
1 - گروه فیتوشیمی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
2 - گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
3 - گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
4 - گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, آنتیاکسیدان, فعالیت ضدمیکروبی, بادرنجبویه, سمیت سلولی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به اثرات نامطلوب آنتیبیوتیکها، آنتیاکسیدانها و داروهای ضدسرطان مصنوعی بر سلامتی انسان و افزایش مقاومت پاتوژنها نسبت به آنتیبیوتیکها، لازم است منابع ایمن و جایگزین برای این ترکیبها شناسایی شوند. بدینمنظور برای اولین بار گیاه بادرنجبویه از شهرستان مریوان واقع در استان کردستان جمعآوری شد و فعالیت زیستی گیاه بررسی گردید. اندامهای هوایی گیاه خودرو بادرنجبویه در مرحله گلدهی در تابستان سال 1395 ازمریوان در ارتفاع ۱۳۲۰ متری از سطح دریای آزاد برداشت و اسانس آنها با امواج میکرویو و بدون استفاده از حلال استخراج شد. ترکیبات تشکیلدهنده اسانس با دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی-طیفسنج جرمی شناسایی شدند. فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی اسانس با روش بیرنگ شدن بتاکاروتن، سمیت سلولی آن با آزمون کشندگی میگوی آب شور و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی آن علیه انواعی از سویههای میکروبی استاندارد و بالینی با روش انتشار در آگار و تعیین کمترین غلظت مهارکننده رشد بررسی گردید. بازده استخراج اسانس بادرنجبویه 18/1 درصد و اجزای اصلی آن ژرانیول (39/30 درصد) و ژرانیال (19/26 درصد) بودند. بر اساس نتایج آزمون بیرنگ شدن بتاکاروتن، مهار اکسیداسیون لینولئیک اسید توسط اسانس بادرنجبویه و استاندارد بوتیلهیدروکسیتولوئن بهترتیب 48/72 و 48/96 درصد و براساس نتایج آزمون کشندگی میگوی آب شور، مقدار LC50 اسانس بادرنجبویه و داروی ضدسرطان وینکریستینسولفات بهترتیب 76/62 و 751/0 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر بهدست آمد. اسانس بادرنجبویه فعالیت ضدمیکروبی خوبی علیه سویههای میکروبی بررسی شده بهویژه باکتریهای گرم مثبت داشت. اسانس بادرنجبویه دارای فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی، ضدمیکروبی و ضدسرطانی خوبی است و میتوان آن را بهعنوان جایگزینی برای آنتیاکسیدانها، آنتیبیوتیکها و مواد ضد سرطان مصنوعی معرفی نمود.
Considering the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics, and anti-cancer drugs on human health and increasing the antibiotic resistance of pathogens, it is a necessity to find safe alternative sources for these compounds. For this purpose, Melissa officinalis L. was collected from Marivan, Kurdestan province, and its chemical compositions and bioactivities were determined. Aerial parts of self-sowing M. officinalis were harvested during the flowering stage at 1320 meters above the sea level in 2016 summer. Using solvent-free microwave extraction methodessential oil of M. Officinalis was obtained and their component was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of the essential oil were determined via β–carotene bleaching assay and brine shrimp lethality test, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrationdetermination against various types of standard and clinical microbial strains.Extraction yield of the essential oil was 1.18%, and the main componentswere geraniol (30.39%) and geranial (26.19%).Based on the results of β–carotene bleaching assay, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation by the essential oil and BHT were 72.48% and 96.48%, respectively.Using the brine shrimp lethality test, LC50 of theessential oil and vincristine sulfate were obtained 62.76 μg/ml and 0.751 μg/ml, respectively.Thus, this study revealed that essential oil of M. officinalis had good antimicrobial activity against testedmicroorganisms, especially Gram-positive bacteria.In addition, it showed significant antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities, so it seems that essential oil of M. officinalis may have potential use as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics and anticancer drugs.
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