بررسی پاسخ‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Althaea officinalis L. به محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی تحت شرایط شور

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

طاهره مهدوی مرج ¹ (گروه علوم باغی و زراعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران)
حسنعلی نقدی بادی ² (مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران)
حسین زینلی ³ (بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران)
علی مهرآفرین ⁴ (مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/01

کلید واژه: تنش شوری, محلول پاشی, موسیلاژ, فنل, ختمی, بیوشیمی,

چکیده مقاله :

به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی روی و آهن بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی ختمی (Althaea officinalis L.)تحت شرایط شور، این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی اصفهان در سال 1397 انجام شد. در این آزمایش، NaCl در 3 سطح 0، 4 و 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر، سولفات روی در 3 سطح 0، 5/1 و 3 پی پی‌ام و سولفات آهن در 3 سطح 0، 5/1 و 3 پی پی‌ام اعمال گردید. محتوی عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم با دستگاه فلیم فتومتر، آهن و روی با دستگاه جذب اتمی، موسیلاژ اندام هوایی به روش وزنی و فنل کل با دستگاه اسپکتوفتومتر اندازه گیری شد. با افزایش سطح شوری به طور معنی داری (P ≤0.01) میزان پتاسیم، روی و آهن کاهش ولی مقدار سدیم افزایش یافت. با افزایش غلظت روی در شرایط شور و شاهد به طور معنی داری (P ≤0.01) میزان پتاسیم افزایش یافت. محلولپاشی روی و آهن بطور معنی داری (P ≤0.01) سبب افزایش مقدار روی و آهن در برگ‌های گیاه ختمی گردید. اگرچه افزایش سطح شوری به‌طور معنی داری (P ≤0.01) سبب کاهش وزن تر گل نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش شد، اما کاربرد سولفات روی و آهن سبب تعدیل اثرات تنش شد. همچنین سطوح شوری 8 و 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر به‌ترتیب سبب افزایش 49 و 20 درصدی مقدار موسیلاژ نسبت به شرایط شاهد شدند و محلول‌پاشی سولفات آهن و روی بطور معنی داری مقدار موسیلاژ را افزایش داد (P ≤0.01). شوری بطور معنی داری (P ≤0.01) سبب افزایش میزان فنول شد و بیشترین میزان فنول (mg/ml 2/65) در تیمار شوری (8 دسی زیمنس بر متر) + سولفات آهن (3 پی پی‌ام) + سولفات روی (صفر پی پی‌ام) مشاهده گردید. به‌طورکلی محلولپاشی سولفات آهن و روی در شرایط شوری نه تنها سبب بهبود شرایط تغذیه ای گیاه ختمی، بلکه باعث افزایش عملکرد گل و متابولیت موسیلاژ شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To investigate the effect of zinc and iron foliar application on the morph-physiological and biochemical traits of marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) under salinity, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Esfahan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran. The factors included NaCl at 3 levels of 0, 4 and 8 dS/m, zinc sulfate at 3 levels of 0, 1.5 and 3 ppm and iron sulfate at 3 levels of 0, 1.5 and 3 ppm. The sodium and potassium content was measured using a flame photometer. The iron and zinc content was measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The mucilage was dried to determine its weight and total phenol was measured using a spectrophotometer. With increasing salinity, the amount of potassium, zinc and iron significantly (P ≤0.01) decreased but the sodium content increased. With increasing the zinc concentration in saline and control conditions, the potassium amount significantly (P ≤0.01) increased. Foliar application of zinc and iron significantly (P ≤0.01) increased the zinc and iron amount in the leaves. Although flowers fresh weight was reduced under saline condition compared to non-stress conditions, the zinc and iron spraying mitigated the effects of stress. Also, mucilage content was increased by 49 and 20% under 8 and 4 dS/m salinity, respectively, in comparison with non-stress conditions. The iron and zinc spraying significantly (P ≤0.01)increased the amount of mucilage. With increasing salinity, the phenol content significantly (P ≤0.01) increased and the highest content of phenol (65.2 mg / ml) was observed in the salinity of 8 dS/m3 + 3ppm of iron sulfate + 0 ppm of zinc sulfate. Generally, spraying of iron and zinc sulfate in saline conditions not only improved the nutritional status of marshmallow, but also increased the flowers yield and mucilage.

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