بررسی اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی

سید محمد علوی سامانی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران)
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی ² (استاد، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
فاطمه ملک پور ³ (استادیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/09/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, زوفا, کیتوزان, سیس-پینوکامفون, ترانس–پینوکامفون,

چکیده مقاله :

کیتوزان پلی ساکارید گلوسامین مشتق شده از کیتین است که به‌عنوان بیوالیسیتور برای بهبود بیوسنتز متابولیت‌های ثانویه از آن استفاده می شود. برای بررسی اثر الیسیتور کیتوزان بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی گیاه زوفاHyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. از تیره نعناعیان تحت شرایط مختلف رطوبتی در مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شهرکرد در سال زراعی 1397-1396، آزمایشی به صورت دو عامله در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل غلظت‌های مختلف کیتوزان در 3 سطـــح صفر و 25/0 و 50/0 گرم در لیتر و رژیم های آبیاری با فواصل 4، 6 و 10 روزه بودند. اسانس سرشاخه های گل دار گیاه با دستگاه کلونجر، به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج و توسط دستگاه GC/MS مورد آنالیز فیتوشیمیایی قرار گرفت. مهمترین ترکیبات اسانس زوفا در این تحقیق ترانس - پینوکامفون ، سیس- پینوکامفون، بتا-پینن، میرتنول و آلفا-پینن بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر غلظت های مختلف کیتوزان و رژیم های آبیاری بر میزان عملکرد اسانس زوفا معنی‌دار (P<0.01) بود. غلظت های مختلف محلول پاشی کیتوزان اثر معنی‌داری(P< 0.01) بر میزان ترکیبات مهم اسانس از جمله ترانس -پینوکامفون، سیس- پینوکامفون و میرتنول داشت. هم چنین رژیم های مختلف آبیاری اثر معنی داری بر میزان ترکیبات از جمله آلفاتوجن، دلتا-کارن، ترانس -پینوکامفون، سیس-پینوکامفون (P<0.01) و سابینن، آلفا-پینن و بتا-پینن (P<0.05) داشت. نتایج نشان می دهد بالاترین میزان عملکرد اسانس و ترکیب سیس- پینوکامفون، به عنوان مهم ترین ترکیب اسانس زوفا، از کیتوزان 5/0 گرم در لیتر و آبیاری 10 روز یک بار به دست آمده است. احتمالاً چنین به نظر می رسد که افزایش فواصل دوره آبیاری و استفاده از محلول پاشی کیتوزان می تواند در افزایش عملکرد و ویژگی های کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه دارویی زوفا موثر باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Chitosan is a chitin-derived glosamine polysaccharide used as a bioelicitor to improve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. To investigate the effect of chitosan elicitor on the quantity and quality of essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. under different irrigation regimes, a factorial experiment was conducted in the Research Center for Medicinal Plants, I.A.U., Shahrekord in the crop year 2017-2018 in a RCBD with four replications. Experimental factors included different concentrations of chitosan at three levels of 0, 0.25 and 0.50 g/L and irrigation regimes including 4, 6, and 10-day intervals. The essential oil of the flowering branches of the plant was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevinger apparatus and phytochemically analyzed by GC/MS. The main compounds of the hyssop essential oil were trans-pinocampone, cis-pinocampone, β-pinene, myrtenol, α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, delta-3-carcene and camphor. The results showed that the effect of different concentrations of chitosan and irrigation regimes on the yield of essential oil was significant (P <0.01). Different concentrations of chitosan had a significant effect (P <0.01) on the amount of some compounds essential such as trans-pinocampone, cis-pinocampone and myrtenol. In addition, different irrigation regimes had a significant effect on the amount of some compounds such as trans-pinocampone and cis-pinocampone (P <0.01) and sabinene, α-pinene and β-pinene (P <0.05). The results indicated that the maximum essential oil yield and pinocampone, as the most important consituent of hyssop  is obtained from chitosan  at 0.5 g/L and irrigation once every 10 days. It seems that chitosan foliar application and increasing the intervals of irrigation period can be effective in increasing the yield and quantitative and qualitative properties of hyssop essential oil.

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