مروری بر شبکه توزیع کلید کوانتومی در فیبرنوری

محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدیدپذیر

معصومه شیریچیان ¹ (گروه مهندسی برق- واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
رضا صباغی ندوشن ² (گروه مهندسی برق- واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
محبوبه هوشمند ³ (گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر- واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران)
منیره هوشمند ⁴ (گروه مهندسی برق- دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام رضا (ع)، مشهد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/01/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/05/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/12/01

کلید واژه: رمزنگاری کوانتومی, شبکه توزیع کلید کوانتومی, شبکه گره‌های نوری, ادغام شبکه توزیع کلید کوانتومی با شبکه‌ مبتنی بر نرم‌افزار, شبکه گره‌ها قابل‌اعتماد,

چکیده مقاله :

شبکه‌های مخابراتی، مسلماً یکی از سنگ بناهای جامعه اطلاعاتی مدرن و یکی از محرک‌های اصلی اقتصاد هستند و زمینه‌ای را فراهم می‌کنند که بسیاری از فعالیت‌های روزمره بر آن تکیه نماید. همچنین فناوری های جدید مانند اینترنت اشیا، هوش مصنوعی، خودروهای خودران، G۵ و ... به پتانسیل کامل خود نمی‌رسند مگر این که یک شبکه ارتباطی زیربنایی نیازهای آن‌ها را برآورده کند که برای زیرساخت و خدمات آن‌ها امنیت موضوعی بسیار حیاتی است. از سوی دیگر پیشرفت فناوری محاسبات کوانتومی در سال‌های اخیر و ساخت رایانه‌های کوانتومی با توان پردازش بسیار بالا و حل مسائل بسیار پیچیده با سرعتی بیشتر از رایانه‌های فعلی باعث شده که امنیت سایبری، امنیت رایانه‌ها و وسایل ارتباطی به یک مسئله حیاتی و مورد توجه دولت‌ها تبدیل گردد. با این ‌حال با پیشرفت فناوری کوانتومی می‌توان با استفاده از روش‌های کوانتومی برای توزیع کلیدها از این تهدیدات جلوگیری نمود، لذا رمزنگاری کوانتومی به‌عنوان جایگزین روش‌های کلاسیک در مقابل رایانه‌های کوانتومی و حملات سایبری در نظر گرفته شده است. توزیع کلید کوانتومی معروف‌ترین زیرشاخه رمزنگاری کوانتومی است که امروزه نمونه‌های تجاری آن نیز در بازار موجود است. استفاده از رمزنگاری کوانتومی در زیرساخت شبکه‌های کلاسیک کنونی منجر به برقراری امنیت بی‌قید و شرط در ارتباطات بلند برد گردیده که در این مقاله به آن پرداخته شده است. نقطه تمایز این مقاله ارائه مروری بر جدیدترین تحقیقات در زمینه پیاده‌سازی شبکه‌های توزیع کلید کوانتومی در فیبرنوری است. همچنین شبکه‌های توزیع کلید کوانتومی پیاده‌سازی شده در دنیا بررسی و مقایسه گردیده و رویکرد کشورهای مختلف در این زمینه را مورد مطالعه قرار می‌دهد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Telecommunication networks are certainly one of the cornerstones of the modern information society and one of the main drivers of the economy and provide a basis on which many daily activities can rely. Also, new technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, self-driving cars, 5G, etc. will not reach their full potential unless an infrastructure communication network meets their needs. Security is critical to their infrastructure and services. On the other hand, the development of quantum computing technology in recent years and the construction of quantum computers with very high processing power and solving very complex problems faster than current computers has made cybersecurity, computer security and communication devices a vital and important issue for governments. However, with the advancement of quantum technology, these threats can be prevented by using quantum methods to distribute keys, so quantum cryptography is considered as an alternative to classical methods against quantum computers and cyberattacks. Quantum key distribution is the most popular sub-branch of quantum cryptography, and commercial examples are now available in the market. However, the implementation of quantum key distribution networks in fiber optics, which is discussed in this paper, is one of the solutions that provide unconditional security through quantum cryptography to establish secure communication. The distinguishing point of this article is to provide an overview of the latest research in the field of implementation of quantum key distribution networks in fiber optics. In addition, the quantum key distribution networks implemented in the world are reviewed and compared and the approach of different countries in this field is studied.

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